Abstract: A brake pressure controller increases the brake pressure in pulsed increments separated by pressure maintenance phases. During each maintenance phase, an evaluation circuit generates a stability criterion for each wheel which depends on the wheel acceleration and the slippage. If the criterion indicates that the wheel is stable, a pressure build-up pulse is generated. If the wheel is in dynamic transition, the pressure is maintained. If instability or limited stability is indicated, brake pressure is reduced. The system serves to maximize frequency of the build-up pulses for a stable running wheel.

Abstract: Brake pressure is varied briefly by means of pressure pulses at regular intervals during phases when brake pressure is otherwise maintained constant, and any variations in transverse acceleration at each axle are determined. These variations at the axles are used to modify the wheel slip by varying the brake pressure in order to increase stability while retaining an adequate steerability reserve or vice versa.

Abstract: A brake-pressure controller regulates the brake pressure on the individual wheels according to the instantaneous slip values in comparison with variable desired slip values. The angle of inclination of one wheel of each axle is determined, and the desired slip values are varied as a function of these angles of inclination with the effect of a better vehicle controllability.

Abstract: A process is described for controlling the brake pressure wherein a brake pressure is supplied which corresponds to the desired signal. This pressure is measured. The factors b.sup.+/- and the response times T.sub.o.sup.+/- are identified from the pressure pulses P in the individual control cycles and the actuating times .+-.T of the valves and they are used to convert the desired signal P.sup.x into a control signal .+-.T of such a length that the desired pressure is supplied.

Abstract: An anti-skid brake control system for a motor vehicle includes at least one sensor for determining the deceleration V.sub.R of a vehicle wheel, a device for determining the deceleration V.sub.F of the vehicle, a device for determining the difference D of the vehicle and wheel decelerations (D=V.sub.F -V.sub.R), a control circuit responsive to the difference D for producing brake pressure control signals, and a brake pressure control device for increasing and decreasing the given brake pressure in response to the control signals from the control circuit. The difference D is also supplied to a ladder filter. During phases in which brake pressure is maintained at a constant level, the ladder filter is switched to identification by the control circuit and determines a reflection coefficient. The control signals then affect the brake pressure so as to select a slippage value on a stable branch of the .mu.

Abstract: A brake slippage control is described where the difference .DELTA..lambda. between an acceptable brake slippage .lambda.* and the actual brake slippage is determined. The difference .DELTA..lambda. is supplied to a control amplifier and converted into actuating times for a brake pressure control unit. Magnitude and increase of the reference value required for forming the slippage values .lambda. and .lambda.* is from time to time actualized when the control is switched off.

Abstract: A vehicle brake system comprising a hydraulically controllable 2/2-way valve, which has a first control inlet and a second control inlet. The first control inlet receives its control pressure from a first brake pressure source, while the second control inlet contrarily receives its control pressure from a second brake pressure source, such as a so-called return pump apparatus. The vehicle brake system can be used in passenger cars, vans, small buses, and small trucks as well as motor cycles.

Abstract: A anti-lock brake control system and/or a drive slip control system is described the slippage value of which for the brake pressure control is to be set close to the maximum of the .mu.-slippage curve, on the stable branch, that is, during the control.For this purpose, a short pressure pulse is generated in a phase where the pressure is maintained constant and the difference of the reference speed and the wheel speed is integrated (J) over a time T.sub.I and the maximum of the difference (D.sub.max) is determined in this time. The two values are divided ##EQU1## and the resulting values is used for determining the slippage.

Abstract: Circuitry is disclosed for converting an input measurement signal V.sub.R(i), which is disturbed at least occasionally by a disturbance function, into an output, undisturbed signal V.sub.R(o) by means of a first digital adaptive filter having variable filter parameters. A control circuit is provided to change to parameters of the second adaptive filter to improve the ability of the system to filter out the disturbance signal. The apparatus includes a series circuit formed by a high pass filter and a second digital adaptive filter, coupled to receive the input signal V.sub.R(i). The control circuit switches the second adaptive filter to the adaptation mode, for determining the filter parameters necessary for suppression of the disturbance function n, when essentially only the disturbance signal reaches the second adaptive filter. Thereafter, the filter parameters of the second adaptive filter are transferred to the first adaptive filter to improve the performance of the first adaptive filter.

Abstract: The goal of this concept is to adjust a wheel slip value, during a controlled braking of a vehicle wheel, at which, on the one hand, the coefficient of adhesion .mu. in the longitudinal direction is near the maximum attainable value, and on the other hand, an adequate coefficient of adhesion is available in the transverse direction. This slip value is below the value at which the coefficient of adhesion in the longitudinal direction is at a maximum. While at the maximum coefficient of adhesion in the longitudinal direction the wheel slip curve .mu. (.lambda.) has a slope of zero, .mu. (.lambda.) assumes positive slopes at the slip value to be adjusted. In addition to the advantage of greater cornering forces, the concept presented offers the opportunity of purposefully limiting the yawning moments engaging the vehicle during controlled braking and thereby improving control of the vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus for actuating the throttle valve of an internal combustion engine, in particular a drive slip control (ASR) and engine drag moment control (MSR), with a disconnect point disposed in the course of the gas pedal transmission linkage overcome by spring forces acting on both sides of it. In the normal situation the throttle valve position corresponds to the driving pedal position, while in attaining ASR functions the disconnect point is opened, by the action of an electromagnetic or electric-motor element, and the position of the throttle valve is adjusted independently, regardless of the intention of the operator, in order to reduce the drive slip.

Abstract: A brake system having anti-lock and traction control, which includes a master brake cylinder that can be subjected to pressure from a brake pedal, with at least one brake line connected to corresponding wheel brake cylinders. A valve is incorporated into the respective brake line via which the wheel brake cylinder connected to this brake line can be connected via a return pump to the brake line. Upstream of the return pump, a pressure line is connected to branch off to a pressure chamber of a vacuum cell, and brake fluid can be supplied from the pressure chamber to the return pump via this pressure line to insure that the return pump is always supplied with fluid.

Abstract: A brake pressure booster and modulator for vehicle brake systems, in which a displaceable part is disposed in a pressure chamber that is acted upon by a master cylinder and communicates with the wheel brake cylinders, this part being in turn part of a permanent magnet, so that with increasing or decreasing pressure from the master brake cylinder, a transfer storage of potential energy takes place to a simultaneously increasing extent in one or the other direction by a magnetic operative connection with a second magnet. To effect pressure modulations when anti-skid functions are realized, the second permanent magnet is in operative magnetic communication with the first magnet and simultaneously is subjected to the movement of this second permanent magnet to open a relief pressure chamber while simultaneously closing the primary pressure chamber.

Abstract: A method is described for converting a sinus-shaped output signal, which in its amplitude and frequency is dependent on a variable rotational speed that is to be ascertained, of a rotational speed transducer into a low-distortion signal. To this end, a Kalman filter is used in a certain manner.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining an optimal slip value .lambda. at at least one wheel of a vehicle, in order to be able to regulate the braking force optimally. To this end, at least the wheel speed is measured, and the vehicle speed is ascertained. By varying the braking pressure and the slip during driving, signal combinations for the wheel speed, the vehicle speed, the braking pressure and the tire/road contact force are ascertained and inserted into a given function V.sub.R (K+1). For the resultant equation system, the coefficients .alpha..sub.n can then be ascertained from which the coefficients a.sub.n of a general description of the .mu. slip curve can be ascertained. With these coefficients a.sub.n, the .mu. slip curve and its maximum, from which the optimal slip .lambda. can then be ascertained, are then clearly defined.

Abstract: A pressure modulator for anti-skid systems in vehicle brake systems, including a plunger/cylinder assembly actuatable merely by supplying electrical auxiliary energy and in the form of a linear actuator is incorporated into a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure line between a master brake cylinder and at least one associated wheel brake cylinder in such a way that upon the onset of ABS functions a pump plunger is displaced by a linear motor action in such a way that fluid pressure arriving from the master brake cylinder is counteracted while the wheel brake cylinder pressure is simultaneously relieved. By appropriate design including a double check valve, ASR functions (anti-slip regulation) are also attainable, for which the pressure modulator can be mounted directly in an appropriately shaped housing recess of a brake caliper such as that of a disk brake.

Abstract: A brake pressure booster for vehicle brake systems, which can also be used to realize anti-skid functions, including a displaceable element, in the form of a permanent magnet, disposed in a pressure chamber and acted upon indirectly by the master brake cylinder to apply pressure to a brake fluid communicating with a wheel brake cylinder. The pressure chamber is embodied such that with increasing or decreasing brake pressure of the master brake cylinder, a transfer storage of potential energy that simultaneously increases in one or the other direction takes place, whereby it becomes possible to raise or lower the pressure of the wheel brake cylinders in the manner of boosting. Furthermore, by providing an electrical exciter coil, influence can also be exerted upon the boosting action of the brake pressure booster by an additional influence upon a magnetic position in order to generate anti-skid functions.

Abstract: A method is described for ascertaining the set-point braking moment for the various wheels of a vehicle, in which to this end, signals dependent on the wheel speeds V.sub.Ri and the vehicle speed V.sub.F are used. The signals from which the set-point braking moments are ascertained are obtained by sending the signals corresponding to the wheel speeds and the vehicle speed through an especially embodied Kalman filter.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the recognition of irregular combustion processes in an internal combustion engine. In this method, a parameter characterizing the course of combustion--for example, pressure, light in the combustion chamber, sound and the like--is detected by means of a sensor, and the sensor signal is integrated within a predetermined crankshaft angle range or time interval of the combustion cycle and compared with a signal integral obtained in a previous cycle. The signal integrals of cycles directly following one another are compared, and monitoring is performed as to whether a signal increase above a predetermined threshold is occurring, in the case where combustion has heretofore been regular, or the signal is decreasing by more than a predetermined amount, in the case where irregular combustion has been taking place. In the first case, the result is the recognition of irregular combustion; in the second case, the result is the recognition of the end of the irregular combustion.

Abstract: The output signal of a mechanical engine knock sensor is supplied to two similar treatment branches through different input filters, one, for the main signal, which passes frequencies at which engine knock signals are known to occur and for a reference signal by a filter which passes only frequencies likely to contain few or no components of knock signals. If both signals show a sharp of rise occurring at the same time or with less than a predetermined time offset, the peak value of each signal is stored and utilized to weight inversely the amplification of the signal value during the declining phase following the peak. It has been discovered that engine knock signals fall off more slowly from a peak than other motor noises. Consequently, when the weighted signals are compared and show a consistent difference exceeding a predetermined threshold, an engine knock detection signal is produced.