Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for the sequential performance of chemical processes on a sample of chemical material wherein the sample is embedded in a solid matrix of fluid permeable material located within a reaction chamber and is sequentially subjected to a plurality of fluids passed through the chamber in a pressurized stream, causing chemical interaction between the sample and the fluids.

Abstract: Conversion flask for use is an apparatus for the sequential performance of chemical processes on a sample of chemical material. The flask includes at least three capillary tubes and a large bore tube extending into the interior thereof for the introduction and withdrawal of various fluids. The capillary tubes are constructed to introduce a plurality of fine bubbles into a liquid within the flask to agitate the liquid and accelerate drying, to impinge chemicals on the walls of the flask, and to produce a spray onto the interior walls of the flask in proximity to its upper end to wash down the interior walls of the flask.

Abstract: An improved method for the sequential performance of chemical processes on a sample of chemical material wherein the sample is embedded in a solid matrix of fluid permeable material located within a reaction chamber and is sequentially subjected to a plurality of fluids passed through the chamber in a pressurized stream, causing chemical interaction between the sample and the fluids.

Abstract: A valve for multiple sequential operations such as biosynthesis, in which the valve body has a longitudinal groove as a common passage for a longitudinal sequence of local ports, and a unitary diaphragm controlled by a plurality of solenoid operable plungers opens and closes the local ports to the common passage by blocking fluid flow across the lands intervening between the local ports and the common passage.