Abstract: An EL lamp includes a substrate, which is transparent in at least a light-emitting region and an electrode assembly with a transparent electrode layer and a back electrode layer, which face each other in the light-emitting region. A phosphorescent layer and a dielectric layer are arranged between the transparent electrode layer and the back electrode layer. A first connection line is provided for connecting the transparent electrode to a driver circuit and a second connection line is provided for connecting the back electrode to a driver circuit. According to an important aspect of the invention, the EL lamp comprises an insulating layer for insulating the second connection line at least locally from the back electrode and/or, if the transparent electrode extends into a peripheral region of the EL lamp, for insulating the second connection line from the transparent electrode.

Abstract: Phosphor blend comprises: from 20 to 28 wt. % of a first electroluminescent phosphor having an x color coordinate from 0.144 to 0.174 and an y color coordinate from 0.165 to 0.225; from 4 to 14 wt. % of a second electroluminescent phosphor having an x color coordinate from 0.155 to 0.185 and an y color coordinate from 0.380 to 0.420; and from 65 to 75 wt. % of a third electroluminescent phosphor having an x color coordinate from 0.535 to 0.555 and an y color coordinate from 0.440 to 0.460.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for vehicle wheels includes a radial carcass, a tread band, sidewalls and beads, and a belt structure. The tread band is provided with grooves on its surface for coming into contact with the ground and situated on a radial outer surface of the carcass. The sidewalls and beads anchor the tire on a wheel rim. The belt structure is disposed between the tread band and the carcass. Additionally, a fiber-reinforced elastomeric intermediate layer is placed between the belt structure and the tread band. Methods for manufacturing the pneumatic tire are also disclosed.

Abstract: A high performance tire includes a carcass provided with at least one carcass ply, a belt including two or more layers of reinforcing cords parallel to each other in a layer and crossed with respect to those of an adjacent layer, applied circumferentially on the carcass, a radially-external layer of circumferentially-oriented reinforcing cords applied on the belt, and a tread band comprising an underlayer and an external layer. The underlayer may have a hardness which is substantially constant over a temperature range between 23° C. and 100° C. The underlayer may also have an elastic modulus which is substantially constant over a temperature range between 70° C. and 100° C. Additionally, the underlayer may be made from an elastomer compound comprising reinforcing fibers and hardening resins. Further, the underlayer may have a hardness and an elastic modulus which remain substantially constant between 70° C. and 100° C. A method for making the tire is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for determining behavior of a viscoelastic material at a first temperature includes performing five or more measurements of a dynamic parameter as a function of deformation at each of at least a second, third, and fourth temperature. Eleven or more data points are chosen from the measurements. Each data point comprises a value of the dynamic parameter, an associated deformation, and an associated temperature. Values of the eleven parameters are determined by inserting at least eleven of the data points into a first equation. The first temperature and the values of the eleven parameters are inserted into the first equation. The dynamic parameter is approximated as a function of the deformation at the first temperature using the first equation. A related apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A high performance tire includes a carcass provided with at least one carcass ply, a belt including two or more layers of reinforcing cords parallel to each other in a layer and crossed with respect to those of an adjacent layer, applied circumferentially on the carcass, a radially-external layer of circumferentially-oriented reinforcing cords applied on the belt, and a tread band comprising an underlayer and an external layer. The underlayer may have a hardness which is substantially constant over a temperature range between 23° C. and 100° C. The underlayer may also have an elastic modulus which is substantially constant over a temperature range between 70° C. and 100° C. Additionally, the underlayer may be made from an elastomer compound comprising reinforcing fibers and hardening resins. Further, the underlayer may have a hardness and an elastic modulus which remain substantially constant between 70° C. and 100° C. A method for making the tire is also disclosed.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for vehicle wheels includes a radial carcass, a tread band, sidewalls and beads, and a belt structure. The tread band is provided with grooves on its surface for coming into contact with the ground and situated on a radial outer surface of the carcass. The sidewalls and beads anchor the tire on a wheel rim. The belt structure is disposed between the tread band and the carcass. Additionally, a fiber-reinforced elastomeric intermediate layer is placed between the belt structure and the tread band. Methods for manufacturing the pneumatic tire are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for improving the archiving of a curve plotted from at least N (N≧5) measured experimental values of a dynamic parameter P of a viscoelastic material where this parameter is a function of the deformation q at a given temperature, characterized in that it comprises the following stages: a) the acquisition of N experimental measurements of the said dynamic parameter P of the said viscoelastic material where this parameter is a function of the deformation q at a predetermined temperature; b) the determination, by successive approximations, of the values P0, P1, q1, P2, q2, which, when inserted in the relation P ⁡ ( q ) = P 0 + P 1 ⁢ ⅇ