Abstract: In one embodiment, a coupler includes a glass tube having a refractive index n3 and a passageway, a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide positioned within the passageway, each of the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide comprising a core surrounded by a cladding. The glass tube further includes a tapered region having a taper length. A coupling region is present between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide within the tapered region. A refractive index of the cladding is less than a refractive index of the core, and a lowest refractive index of the cladding of the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide is n2. Additionally, n3 is lower than n2 such that a value of ?2-3 is 0.07%??2-3?0.125, where ?2-3 equals (n22?n32)/2n22.

Abstract: An uncoupled-core multicore optical fiber is disclosed, the fiber including at least two core portions, each core portion including a core and a depressed-index cladding. The core having a radius r1 and a relative refractive index ?1. The depressed-index cladding having a radius r2 and a relative refractive index ?2, the depressed-index cladding surrounding and directly contacting the core, a volume V2 of the depressed-index cladding being about 15.0% ?-micron2 to about 37.0% ?-micron2. The fiber further includes a common cladding having a radius r3 and a relative refractive index ?3 such that ?2<?3<?1, the common cladding surrounding and directly contacting the depressed-index cladding. Furthermore, a cable cutoff wavelength of each core portion is about 1530 nm or less and a center-to-center spacing between centerlines of adjacent core portions is about 48 microns to about 60 micron.

Abstract: Embodiments of current disclosure include a multicore optical fiber including a common-cladding region having a refractive index ?cc and an outer radius RCC; and at least two core portions disposed within the common-cladding region, wherein each core portion includes a central axis, a core region extending from the central axis to an outer radius ri, wherein each of the at least two core portions is doped with a dopant from a group including sodium, potassium, rubidium or combination thereof, an inner-cladding region encircling and directly contacting the core region and extending from the outer radius r1 to an outer radius r2, a trench region encircling and directly contacting the inner cladding region and extending from the outer radius r2 to an outer radius r3, the trench region having a trench volume greater than or equal to 20% ? micron2 and less than or equal to 60% ? micron2.

Abstract: Waveguide substrate connection systems and methods are provided herein. An example waveguide assembly comprises a first substrate having a first waveguide, a second substrate having a second waveguide, an adhesive, and one or more spacers. A height for the one or more spacers is less than 10 ?m. The adhesive and the one or more spacers provide a composite material configured to assist in securing the first substrate and the second substrate together to align the first waveguide and the second waveguide. When the first substrate and the second substrate are attached together via the adhesive, the one or more spacers are configured to maintain a desired gap spacing therebetween so as to optimize coupling efficiency between the first waveguide and the second waveguide. The desired gap spacing corresponds to the height for the one or more spacers.

Abstract: An optical fiber is provided that includes a core region and a cladding region. The core region is formed of silica glass doped with chlorine and/or an alkali metal. The cladding region surrounds the core region and includes an inner cladding directly adjacent to the core region, an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding, and a trench region disposed between the inner cladding and the outer cladding in a radial direction. The trench region has a volume of about 30% ?-micron2 or greater. Additionally, the optical fiber has an effective area at 1550 nm of about 100 micron2 or less.

Abstract: An optical fiber is provided that includes a core region and a cladding region. The core region is formed of silica glass doped with chlorine and/or an alkali metal. The cladding region surrounds the core region and includes an inner cladding directly adjacent to the core region, an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding, and a trench region disposed between the inner cladding and the outer cladding in a radial direction. The trench region has a volume of about 30% ?-micron2 or greater. Additionally, the optical fiber has an effective area at 1550 nm of about 100 micron2 or less.

Abstract: A multicore optical fiber is provided that includes a first core with silica glass doped with chlorine and/or an alkali metal, a first inner cladding surrounding the first core, and a first outer cladding surrounding the first inner cladding and having a first trench region having a volume of about 30%?-micron2 or greater. The multicore optical fiber also includes a second core with silica glass doped with chlorine and/or an alkali metal, a second inner cladding surrounding the second core, and a second outer cladding surrounding the second inner cladding and having a second trench region having a volume of about 30%?-micron2 or greater. Additionally, a common cladding surrounds the first core and the second core, and the first core and the second core each have an effective area at 1550 nm of about 100 micron2 or less.

Abstract: A passively aligned fan-out apparatus for a multicore fiber (MCF) includes a fan-out assembly that comprises a fan-out substrate, small-clad fibers (SCFs) supported in SCF V-grooves of the fan-out substrate, and alignment rods disposed outboard alignment V-grooves of the fan-out substrate. The SCFs have a distal-end pitch P2D at a distal end of the fan-out substrate greater than the proximal-end pitch P2P of the SCFs at a proximal end of the fan-out substrate. An MCF assembly and/or single mode fiber (SMF) assembly may also be provided as part of the fan-out apparatus.

Abstract: A waveguide comprising: a tapered-width first waveguide portion and second waveguide portions and a third waveguide portion, such that along a first direction, widths of a first and the second waveguide portions gradually increase towards a first end of the third waveguide portion, and a distance, in a second direction, between the first waveguide portion and the second waveguide portion gradually decreases from a second end of the first waveguide portion to the first end of the first waveguide portion, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; and the maximum distance Gmax between the second end of the first waveguide portion and a second end of the second waveguide portion is greater than 0.2 ?m and less than 0.48 ?m; and the waveguide has a refractive index between 2 and 4 at a 1550 nm wavelength.

Abstract: A method of making a spot size converter comprising a multi-tip waveguide comprising a first and a second waveguide portions, the method comprising the steps of: coating a multilayer wafer comprising a waveguide material layer with a resist material; exposing the coated resist material to a deep UV beam or an electron beam; developing resist material to form an partial waveguide pattern within the resist material; transferring the partial waveguide pattern to the waveguide material layer, forming an initial waveguide; placing a second layer of resist material over the initial waveguide; patterning a tapered gap region shape in the second layer of resist material by exposing the second layer of resist material to a deep UV beam or an electron beam; and transferring the tapered gap region shape to the waveguide material layer of the initial waveguide to form a tapered gap region inside the initial waveguide.

Abstract: An antenna unit including an antenna array having a plurality of antennas and a lens plate comprising a mask pattern. The antenna array defines a first plane, and the lens plate defines a second plane. The lens plate is spaced apart from the antenna array, and the second plane is parallel to the first plane. The mask pattern is configured to focus first waves incident on the lens plate through diffraction to a region of the antenna array. The first waves are incident on the lens plate at a first angle relative to an axis normal to the second plane. The mask pattern is configured to focus second waves incident on the lens plate through diffraction to the first region of the antenna array. The second waves are incident on the lens plate at a second angle relative to the axis that is different from the first angle.

Abstract: The methods disclosed herein include forming an expanded core in an optical fiber with a glass core having a core dopant and a core outer surface, and a glass cladding immediately surrounding the core and having a flat glass-portion surface closest to the core outer surface at a first core spacing S1. The methods include applying heat to a section of the optical fiber to cause the glass core to expand toward the flat glass-portion surface due to thermal diffusion of the core dopant. The methods also include terminating the application of heat to define the expanded core in the heated section of the optical fiber. The expanded core defines an evanescent coupling region having a second core spacing 0?S2<S1 and an adiabatic transition region between the core and the evanescent coupling region of the expanded core.

Abstract: An optical fiber is provided that includes a core region and a cladding region. The core region is formed of silica glass doped with chlorine and/or an alkali metal. The cladding region surrounds the core region and includes an inner cladding directly adjacent to the core region, an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding, and a trench region disposed between the inner cladding and the outer cladding in a radial direction. The trench region has a volume of about 30% ?-micron2 or greater. Additionally, the optical fiber has an effective area at 1550 nm of about 100 micron2 or less.

Abstract: A multicore optical fiber is provided that includes a first core with silica glass doped with chlorine and/or an alkali metal, a first inner cladding surrounding the first core, and a first outer cladding surrounding the first inner cladding and having a first trench region having a volume of about 30%?-micron2 or greater. The multicore optical fiber also includes a second core with silica glass doped with chlorine and/or an alkali metal, a second inner cladding surrounding the second core, and a second outer cladding surrounding the second inner cladding and having a second trench region having a volume of about 30%?-micron2 or greater. Additionally, a common cladding surrounds the first core and the second core, and the first core and the second core each have an effective area at 1550 nm of about 100 micron2 or less.

Abstract: An optical-electrical substrate for providing electrical and optical connections to a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) includes a glass body with glass optical waveguides along an upper surface, and electrically conductive vias extending through a portion of the glass body from an intermediate surface to a lower surface. The intermediate surface is arranged at an elevation positioned between the upper and lower surfaces, and may optionally support redistribution layers and an electrical integrated circuit. An optical-electrical substrate may be fabricated by defining glass optical waveguides along an upper surface of a glass body, and forming electrically conductive vias through the glass body from the intermediate surface to the lower surface.

Abstract: A quasi-single-mode (QSM) optical fiber includes a core and a cladding surrounding the core. The core includes a centerline and an outer edge. The cladding includes an interior edge and an exterior edge. The cladding has a cladding outer diameter defined by the exterior edge of the cladding. The cladding outer diameter may be in the range of greater than 170 ?m to about 200 ?m. The QSM fiber has a cabled cutoff wavelength that is greater than about 1530 nm. The core and the cladding support a fundamental mode LP01 and a higher-order mode LP11. The fundamental mode LP01 has an effective area Aeff>150 ?m2.

Abstract: Integrated circuit packages (100) having electrical and optical connectivity and methods of making the same are disclosed herein. According to one embodiment, an integrated circuit package includes a structured glass article (120) including a glass substrate (122), an optical channel (132), and redistribution layers. The integrated circuit package (100) further includes an integrated circuit chip (160) positioned on the glass substrate (122) and in optical communication with the optical channel (132) and in electrical continuity with the redistribution layers (136).

Abstract: An antenna unit including an antenna array having a plurality of antennas and a lens plate comprising a mask pattern. The antenna array defines a first plane, and the lens plate defines a second plane. The lens plate is spaced apart from the antenna array, and the second plane is parallel to the first plane. The mask pattern is configured to focus first waves incident on the lens plate through diffraction to a region of the antenna array. The first waves are incident on the lens plate at a first angle relative to an axis normal to the second plane. The mask pattern is configured to focus second waves incident on the lens plate through diffraction to the first region of the antenna array. The second waves are incident on the lens plate at a second angle relative to the axis that is different from the first angle.

Abstract: The evanescent optical coupler is constituted by an IOX waveguide and an optical fiber. The IOX waveguide is formed in a glass substrate and has a tapered section that runs in an axial direction. The IOX waveguide supports a waveguide fundamental mode having an waveguide effective index NW0 that varies within a range ?NW0 as a function of the axial direction. The IOX waveguide can also support a few higher-order modes. The optical fiber supports a fiber fundamental mode having a fiber effective index NF0 that falls within the waveguide effective index range ?NW0 of the waveguide fundamental mode of the tapered section of the IOX waveguide. A portion of the optical fiber is interfaced with the tapered section of the IOX waveguide to define a coupling region over which evanescent optical coupling occurs between the optical fiber and the IOX waveguide.

Abstract: The methods disclosed herein include forming an expanded core in an optical fiber with a glass core having a core dopant and a core outer surface, and a glass cladding immediately surrounding the core and having a flat glass-portion surface closest to the core outer surface at a first core spacing S1. The methods include applying heat to a section of the optical fiber to cause the glass core to expand toward the flat glass-portion surface due to thermal diffusion of the core dopant. The methods also include terminating the application of heat to define the expanded core in the heated section of the optical fiber. The expanded core defines an evanescent coupling region having a second core spacing 0?S2<S1 and an adiabatic transition region between the core and the evanescent coupling region of the expanded core.