Abstract: Provided is a cleaning member, comprising an elastic member that includes polyurethane, wherein: when tan ? of a test piece sampled from the elastic member is measured in the temperature range of ?20° C. to +60° C., the peak temperature of a peak indicating the maximum value of tan ? is at 15.0° C. or below; the maximum value of tan ? is 0.20 to 0.55; tan ? at a temperature of 55° C. is 0.13 or larger; and where the detected quantity of all ions obtained when the test piece is heated at a rate of temperature increase of 10° C./second to 1000° C. using a direct-sampling mass spectrometer is M1 and the integrated intensity of a peak in a derived ion thermogram that corresponds to a range of m/z values originating in multifunctional isocyanate with at least three isocyanate groups is M2, M2/M1 is at least 0.001.

Abstract: A vehicle windshield wiper blade comprising: a blade support portion; and a lip portion, wherein the lip portion has a tapered portion having a cross section that is taken along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wiper blade and that has a width that gradually decreases from a side closer to the blade support portion towards a direction farthest away from the blade support portion, the lip portion has a tip surface and first and second tapered surfaces constituting the tapered portion, and, in a specific observation region of the first and second tapered surfaces, the average value of the elastic modulus measured at a 0.1 ?m pitch is 15-470 MPa and the coefficient of variation of the elastic modulus is at most 17.6%.

Abstract: An electrophotographic cleaning blade comprising: an elastic member containing polyurethane; and a support member supporting the elastic member, and cleaning a surface of a member to be cleaned in motion, by contact of part of the elastic member against the surface of the member to be cleaned, wherein the elastic member has, at least on the tip side, a plate shape having a main surface facing the member to be cleaned and a leading end surface that forms a tip side edge together with the main surface, and a coefficient of variation of area ratios of white regions in each of sections of a binarized image created from grayscale phase image obtained from the leading end surface, is 20.00 or less, and a value of HM1-HM2 is larger than 0.10 N/mm2.

Abstract: A cleaning wiper blade comprises a hand grip part and an elastic part. The elastic part comprises a polyurethane. The polyurethane comprises a reactant of a composition including an isocyanate compound which includes diisocyanate and polyfunctional isocyanate, and an alcohol which includes polyfunctional alcohol. The diisocyanate has an aromatic ring in a molecule. When a molecule of the polyurethane is ionized with a mass spectrometer of a direct sample injection system, then obtained M1, M2 and M3 satisfy the is 0.013 to 0.300, and a concentration of the polyfunctional alcohol in the polyurethane is 0.12 mmol/g to 0.65 mmol/g.

Abstract: A vehicle windshield wiper blade comprising: a blade support portion; and a lip portion, wherein the lip portion has a tapered portion having a cross section that is taken along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wiper blade and that has a width that gradually decreases from a side closer to the blade support portion towards a direction farthest away from the blade support portion, the lip portion has a tip surface and first and second tapered surfaces constituting the tapered portion, and, in a specific observation region of the first and second tapered surfaces, the average value of the elastic modulus measured at a 0.1 ?m pitch is 15-470 MPa and the coefficient of variation of the elastic modulus is at most 17.6%.

Abstract: A wiper blade comprising: a hand grip portion; and an elastic portion supported by the hand grip portion and that is pressed against a surface to be cleaned; the elastic portion having, on a tip side, a main surface opposing a member to be cleaned, and a tip surface that forms a tip side edge together with the main surface, and in a specific observation region of the tip surface and the main surface, the average value of elastic modulus values obtained through measurement at a 0.1 ?m pitch being 15 MPa to 470 MPa, and the coefficient of variation of the elastic modulus being 17.6% or less.

Abstract: A vehicle wiper blade comprises a blade support part and a lip part coupled swingably with the blade support part via a neck. The lip part comprises polyurethane. The polyurethane comprises a reactant of a composition including an isocyanate compound which includes diisocyanate and tri- or higher functional polyfunctional isocyanate, and an alcohol which includes tri- or higher functional polyfunctional alcohol. The diisocyanate has an aromatic ring in a molecule. When a molecule of the polyurethane is ionized with a mass spectrometer of a direct sample injection system, then obtained M1, M2 and M3 satisfy the following relation: M2/M1 is 0.001 to 0.028, M3/M1 is 0.020 to 0.110, and M2/M3 is 0.013 to 0.300, and a concentration of the polyfunctional alcohol in the polyurethane is 0.12 mmol/g to 0.65 mmol/g.

Abstract: The present invention is aimed at providing an electrophotographic cleaning blade that has excellent chipping resistance and can exhibit excellent cleaning performance. This cleaning blade is provided with an elastic member that includes a polyurethane and a support member that supports the elastic member, and cleans the surface of a member to be cleaned that is moving, by bringing a part of the elastic member into contact with the surface of the member to be cleaned. The average value of the elastic modulus of the elastic member obtained when measured using SPM is at least 15 MPa and not more than 470 MPa, and the coefficient of variation thereof is not more than 6.0%.

Abstract: The electrophotographic apparatus and process cartridge comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a cleaning blade, and developing unit containing a toner, wherein the cleaning blade comprising a support member and an elastic member whose portion is abutting a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; the elastic member has an elastic modulus of 15 to 470 MPa with coefficient of variation for the elastic modulus being not more than 7.0%, and the absolute value of a difference between Martens hardness values is not more than 0.30 N/mm2 as measured under prescribed conditions; the toner contains a toner particle and an external additive whose a number-average primary particle diameter is from 5 to 25 nm, when X1 is a coverage ratio of the toner particle by the external additive and X2 is a theoretical coverage ratio, X1 is 50 to 85 area %, and X1/X2??0.0042×X1+0.60 is satisfied.

Abstract: The electrophotographic apparatus and process cartridge comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a cleaning blade, and developing unit containing a toner, wherein the cleaning blade comprising a support member and an elastic member whose portion is abutting a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; the elastic member has an elastic modulus of 15 to 470 MPa with coefficient of variation for the elastic modulus being not more than 7.0%, and the absolute value of a difference between Martens hardness values is not more than 0.30 N/mm2 as measured under prescribed conditions; the toner contains a toner particle and an external additive whose a number-average primary particle diameter is from 5 to 25 nm, when X1 is a coverage ratio of the toner particle by the external additive and X2 is a theoretical coverage ratio, X1 is 50 to 85 area %, and X1/X2??0.0042×X1+0.60 is satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention is aimed at providing an electrophotographic cleaning blade that has excellent chipping resistance and can exhibit excellent cleaning performance. This cleaning blade is provided with an elastic member that comprises a polyurethane and a support member that supports the elastic member, and cleans the surface of a member to be cleaned that is moving, by bringing a part of the elastic member into contact with the surface of the member to be cleaned. The average value of the elastic modulus of the elastic member obtained when measured using SPM is at least 15 MPa and not more than 470 MPa, and the coefficient of variation thereof is not more than 6.0%.

Abstract: There is provided a cleaning blade including an elastic member and a supporting member, in which a free end of the elastic member has an edge and a hardened surface constituting the edge. The cleaning blade satisfies a relationship of 0.10?DHs?0.40 and DHs?DHm where DHs (mN/?m2) represents a dynamic hardness of the hardened surface and DHm (mN/?m2) represents a maximum value of a dynamic hardness obtained in a positional range in which a distance L from the edge on a straight line that bisect an angle of the edge satisfies 0 ?m<L?200 ?m and in AFM-IR spectrum of the hardened surface, peak intensity ? C?O free (1724 to 1736 cm?1) derived from a urethane group and peak intensity ? C?O bond (1708 to 1720 cm?1) derived from a urethane group hydrogen bond has a specific relationship.

Abstract: Provided is a cleaning blade including: an elastic member; and a supporting member supporting the elastic member. The elastic member includes a free end portion, and the free end portion has an edge and a first surface and a second surface that form the edge. At least one of the first surface and the second surface has a hardened surface. The following expression (1): 0.1?DHs?0.4 and the following expression (2): DHs<DHm are satisfied, where DHs (mN/?m2) represents a dynamic hardness of the hardened surface, and DHm (mN/?m2) represents a maximum value of the dynamic hardness obtained in a positional range in which a distance L from the edge on a straight line that bisects an angle of the edge in a cross-section of the elastic member orthogonal to a longitudinal direction thereof satisfies 0 ?m<L?100 ?m.

Abstract: There is provided a cleaning blade including an elastic member and a supporting member, in which a free end of the elastic member has an edge and a hardened surface constituting the edge. The cleaning blade satisfies a relationship of 0.10?DHs?0.40 and DHs?DHm where DHs (mN/?m2) represents a dynamic hardness of the hardened surface and DHm (mN/?m2) represents a maximum value of a dynamic hardness obtained in a positional range in which a distance L from the edge on a straight line that bisect an angle of the edge satisfies 0 ?m<L?200 ?m and in AFM-IR spectrum of the hardened surface, peak intensity ? C?O free (1724 to 1736 cm?1) derived from a urethane group and peak intensity ? C?O bond (1708 to 1720 cm?1) derived from a urethane group hydrogen bond has a specific relationship.

Abstract: Provided is a cleaning blade including: an elastic member; and a supporting member supporting the elastic member. The elastic member includes a free end portion, and the free end portion has an edge and a first surface and a second surface that form the edge. At least one of the first surface and the second surface has a hardened surface. The following expression (1): 0.1?DHs?0.4 and the following expression (2): DHs<DHm are satisfied, where DHs (mN/?m2) represents a dynamic hardness of the hardened surface, and DHm (mN/?m2) represents a maximum value of the dynamic hardness obtained in a positional range in which a distance L from the edge on a straight line that bisects an angle of the edge in a cross-section of the elastic member orthogonal to a longitudinal direction thereof satisfies 0 ?m<L?100 ?m.

Abstract: A cleaning blade having a good followability of a contact portion to a surface to be cleaned, and being unlikely to cause turn-up, is provided. A cleaning blade includes an elastic member and a supporting member, and the elastic member has a hardened region at at least a part of a portion exposed to a surface thereof, and the hardened region includes a material containing a polyether structure and a nurated isocyanate structure.

Abstract: A cleaning blade having a good followability of a contact portion to the surface to be cleaned, and being unlikely to cause turn-up, is provided. A cleaning blade includes an elastic member and a supporting member, and the elastic member has a hardened region at at least a part of a portion exposed to a surface thereof, and the hardened region includes a material containing a polyether structure and a nurated isocyanate structure.

Abstract: A cleaning blade for an electrophotographic apparatus including a thermosetting polyurethane elastomer blade member, in which in the blade member, a concentration of nitrogen is gradually increased from an inside of a contact region to contact the image bearing member toward the surface of the contact region; and a relationship between an amount of the concentration of nitrogen to be changed ?1=N0?N5 and an amount of the concentration of nitrogen to be changed ?2=N5?Ne is ?1>?2 wherein a concentration of nitrogen in the surface N0 is not less than 1.5 wt % and not more than 20.0 wt %, a concentration of nitrogen Ne at a depth in which the concentration of nitrogen is no longer changed is not less than 0.7 wt % and not more than 10 wt %, and N5 is a concentration of nitrogen at a depth of 5 ?m.

Abstract: To provide a blade for electrophotographic apparatus that can have much superior durability as being made low frictional at its touching part and also improved in bonding force between the touching part and the blade member, a blade for electrophotographic apparatus is provided which has a blade member having a touching part which is to come into touch with an object member, and a support member which holds the blade member; the touching part being formed of a material which is different from that for the blade member; the touching part having a touching face having a coefficient of static friction which is smaller than that of a surface of the blade member; and the touching part having a joint surface at which the touching part is joined with the blade member which joint surface has a center line average roughness Ra of from 0.5 ?m to 10.0 ?m.

Abstract: A cleaning blade for an electrophotographic apparatus including a thermosetting polyurethane elastomer blade member, in which in the blade member, a concentration of nitrogen is gradually increased from an inside of a contact region to contact the image bearing member toward the surface of the contact region; and a relationship between an amount of the concentration of nitrogen to be changed ?1=N0?N5 and an amount of the concentration of nitrogen to be changed ?2=N5?Ne is ?1>?2 wherein a concentration of nitrogen in the surface N0 is not less than 1.5 wt % and not more than 20.0 wt %, a concentration of nitrogen Ne at a depth in which the concentration of nitrogen is no longer changed is not less than 0.7 wt % and not more than 10 wt %, and N5 is a concentration of nitrogen at a depth of 5 ?m.