Abstract: A chaotic receiver estimation engine and method of use. The estimation engine synchronizes and recovers data and performs its decision and tracking processes by mapping probability calculation results onto chaotic dynamics via a strange attractor geometrical approximation. Restrictive standard chaotic synchronization requirements of either a stable/unstable subspace separation or a chaotic system inversion are not required. The receiver determines and models both the logical zero and logical one versions of the strange attractor and the transmitted chaotic sequence probability density function (PDF). Two estimates of the transmitted value are created from each received iterate by probability and the transmitted PDF calculations. A third estimate is generated from the chaotic processing of the previous receiver final decisions. The three estimates are combined using a probability-based weighted average to form the initial current decision.

Abstract: An apparatus for signal amplitude restoration has a received signal input and a scaled received signal output. An amplitude correction factor generator has an estimated signal-to-noise power ratio input and a received signal input. A variable gain amplifier uses the correction factor generator output to control its gain, and amplifies or attenuates the received signal input to provide the scaled received signal output. An average SNR estimator uses the amplifier output as its input, and provides an output connected to the estimated signal-to-noise power ratio input. The apparatus processes received signals in an iterative fashion, such that at least one of the outputs is stored for use as a feedback input during later iterations.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method of use for a computer-implemented signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) estimation process for aiding in signal demodulation and message recovery or as an indication of recovered message fidelity. The SNR estimator produces estimates of the true channel SNR and tracks changes in the channel noise power over time. It operates on a collection of received data probability density functions (PDFs), either contained in closed form equations or stored in lookup tables. It allows for the estimation of both the instantaneous and average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values.

Abstract: A method of facilitating construction of a microwave system which permits the evaluation of a variety of hardware construction options and subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness by measuring or otherwise determining appropriate physical parameters of selected components arranged in a selected order to predict the power response uses an iterative ladder network constructed according to a point discontinuity model for individual components of the system in which input and output reflection coefficients and an attenuation coefficient are calculated for each component based on measured or specified insertion loss and VSWR or return loss values, and the ladder is analyzed by processing the coefficients forward in the direction of power flow.

Abstract: A method of defining component lengths, especially cable lengths, in a radio frequency or microwave system so as to minimize in-phase coupling of voltage reflections in the system involves the use of prime roots of prime numbers as scaling factors which are multiplied with a minimum component length to obtain a list of potential component lengths. The scaled potential component lengths are then screened for accidental relationships with component lengths obtained using lower order roots in order to prevent accidental harmonic relationships from arising in the system, and the resulting screened list is evaluated to ensure that the remaining potential component lengths meet such system requirements as available spans, minimum and maximum component lengths, number of lengths required, and matched Insertion Loss requirements.

Abstract: A segmented coil has individual segments mounted on a common electromechanical switch plunger. The e.m.f. developed by the coil segments are superposed so that a reduced input voltage, relative to a continuous single coil, is capable of translating the plunger between two oppositely situated sets of switch contacts. The segmented coil structure assumes the same wire thickness as that of a prior art continuous coil operating with an input voltage of greater value. The result is retention of a small switch package for reduced voltage levels due to the fact that coil wire diameter and the number of turns may be kept the same as for a continuous coil operating with a higher voltage.