Abstract: A process for the preparation of a latex polymer consistent with E/A (emulsion/aggregation/coalescence) toner manufacture. The process utilizes a standard (universal) latex composition and involves chain-transfer agent partitioning, emulsion polymerization that provides a latex polymer with a wide range of molecular properties. In particular, the process customizes a wide range Mw (weight average molecular weight) latex, without substantially varying the Mn (number average molecular weight) and hence, without substantially varying Tg (glass transition temperature) such that good toner performance is maintained. In a preferred process, a latex polymer is prepared by mixing a seed particle latex, generated by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a first portion of a monomer emulsion, with a second portion of the monomer emulsion and at least one chain-transfer agent.

Abstract: A process for making silica-containing latex particles involves polymerizing monomer in an emulsion comprising the monomer, water, silica particles, and optionally at least one surfactant, by adding at least one free radical initiator to the emulsion to form the silica-containing latex particles. In a preferred method, semicontinuous polymerization employing a seed latex is used to form the latex resin. The process achieves a silica-containing latex in which the silica is chemically incorporated therein that is ideally suited for use in the manufacture of toner and developer for xerographic use.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a latex polymer by (i) preparing or providing a water aqueous phase containing an anionic surfactant in an optional amount of less than or equal to about 20 percent by weight of the total amount of anionic surfactant used in forming the latex polymer; (ii) preparing or providing a monomer emulsion in water which emulsion contains an anionic surfactant; (iii) adding about 50 percent or less of said monomer emulsion to said aqueous phase to thereby initiate seed polymerization and to form a seed polymer, said aqueous phase containing a free radical initiator; and (iv) adding the remaining percent of said monomer emulsion to the composition of (iii) and heating to complete an emulsion polymerization thus forming a latex polymer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner comprising mixing a colorant dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a colorant and an ionic surfactant with a resin latex; heating the resulting flocculent mixture with stirring at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 1.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin to effect formation of toner sized aggregates; heating the resulting aggregate suspension in the presence of additional anionic surfactant, and which heating is at a temperature of from about 10.degree. C. to about 55.degree. C. above the Tg of the resin; cooling; adding a base component to the resulting slurry; filtering; and thereafter drying said toner.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin; and(v) thereafter washing the toner obtained, adding initiator, adding monomer, polymerizing by heating, and thereafter cooling, followed by an optional second washing.

Abstract: An in situ chemical process for the preparation of toner comprised of(i) the provision of a latex, which latex is comprised of polymeric resin particles, an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(ii) providing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment solution, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(iii) mixing said pigment dispersion with said latex with a stirrer equipped with an impeller, stirring at speeds of from about 100 to about 900 rpm for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 150 minutes;(iv) heating the above resulting blend of latex and pigment mixture to a temperature below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(v) adding further aqueous ionic surfactant or stabilizer in the range amount of from about 0.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, and an ionic surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, and wherein said resin contains an acid functionality;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) adding anionic surfactant to stabilize the aggregates obtained in (iii);(v) coalescing said aggregates by heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin;(vi) reacting said resin of (v) with acid functionality with a base to form an acrylic acid salt, and which salt is ion exchanged in water with a base or a salt, optionally in the presence of metal oxide particles, to control the toner triboelectrical charge, which toner i