Abstract: A combustion method in which heated flue gas heats a regenerator through which a mixture of fuel and flue gas is then passed to undergo endothermic reactions that produce syngas which is fed into a furnace together with a motive gas stream.

Abstract: A combustion method in which heated flue gas heats a regenerator through which a mixture of fuel and flue gas is then passed to undergo endothermic reactions that produce syngas which is fed into a furnace together with a motive gas stream.

Abstract: A combustion method in which heated flue gas heats a regenerator through which a mixture of fuel and flue gas is then passed to undergo endothermic reactions that produce syngas which is fed into a furnace together with a motive gas stream.

Abstract: Described are a burner and its method of operation that are useful in providing heat within an enclosure such as the forehearth associated with a glassmelting furnace.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in atomizing methods and apparatus useful for combusting liquid fuel, such oil. The atomizing methods and apparatus consistently produce liquid fuel streams having vary narrow spray angles. The liquid fuel streams having very narrow spray angles can be produced even when a low liquid fuel flow rate is employed and even when a liquid fuel stream is atomized outside a liquid fuel passageway. The production of the constant narrow spray angle liquid fuel stream allows the atomizing apparatus to operate for a long period without causing fouling problems even if they are sufficiently recessed from internal openings of refractory ports defined in the furnace wall.

Abstract: A glassmelting method employing reducing and oxidizing conditions generated by defined combustion arrangements enabling the processing of glassmaking materials while reducing NOx emissions which would otherwise result from, for example, niter decomposition. The NOx is reduced to nitrogen under the reducing conditions and kept from reforming in the oxidizing zone.

Abstract: A combustion method is provided for carrying out combustion with reduced generation of nitrogen oxides. The combustion method involves partially combusting a fluid fuel stream with a low velocity oxidant and thereafter mixing and combusting the resulting product with a secondary oxidant stream diluted with ambient gas. The velocity of the secondary oxidant stream is either increased to reduce the nitrogen oxides emission level or adjusted to provide the desired secondary oxidant/low velocity oxidant ratio which is useful for further decreasing the formation of nitrogen oxides. Normally, increasing the ratio and/or velocity further decreases the nitrogen oxides emission level. When liquid fuel is employed, it is atomized with atomizing fluid in such a manner to produce a liquid fuel stream having a very narrow spray angle. The production of such a stream allows the burner to be operated without water cooling.

Abstract: An aluminum melting method wherein an atmosphere above the aluminum charge is comprised of two strata, a lower strata covering the aluminum charge comprised of a non-oxidizing gas and an upper strata comprised of combustion gases from one or more burners. Heat from the burner or burners radiatively heats and melts the aluminum while the lower strata protects the aluminum from oxidative effects which would result if the aluminum surface were contacted with the combustion gases, thus serving to reduce dross formation.

Abstract: A combustion system wherein a defined uniform nonstoichiometric mixture of fuel and oxygen is made in a compartment outside a furnace zone and burned inside the furnace zone in a luminous flame while additional make up oxygen is provided into the furnace zone under conditions which avoid diminution of flame luminosity and high NO.sub.x generation.

Abstract: A burner system and combustion method for high temperature applications employing a high velocity central fuel stream and a low velocity annular coaxial oxidant stream to carry out stable steady combustion in an expanding combusting stream within a cavity stably attached to the fuel nozzle so as to prevent combustion zone furnace gases from entering the cavity.

Abstract: High velocity gas injection system wherein high velocity and low velocity gases are injected into a cavity in a defined relationship such that the low velocity gas forms a protective barrier from combustion zone damage due to the flow dynamics caused by the high velocity gas.

Abstract: A burner system and combustion method for high temperature applications employing a high velocity central fuel stream and a low velocity annular coaxial oxidant stream to carry out stable steady combustion in an expanding combusting stream within a cavity stably attached to the fuel nozzle so as to prevent combustion zone furnace gases from entering the cavity.

Abstract: A lance and gas injection system wherein the lance comprises a metallic supply tube and a two piece small diameter nozzle comprising a metallic backpiece and a ceramic frontpiece.

Abstract: High velocity gas injection system wherein high velocity and low velocity gases are injected into a cavity in a defined relationship such that the low velocity gas forms a protective barrier from combustion zone damage due to the flow dynamics caused by the high velocity gas.

Abstract: Gas samples withdrawn from within a reactor vessel (or process in general), as well as from one feed gas thereto, are passed to gas analyzers for particular components or impurities desired to be measured. The response time of the reactor analysis system employed is advantageously minimized by the elimination of dead gas space within the system and the provisions for rapid purging of the system or of individual gas analyzer feed lines. The flexibility of the system to measure both particular gas sample components and periodically present impurities using the same analytical instruments is generated by the addition of an in-line reaction system comprised of reactant addition means and/or catalyst means to individual sample lines leading to particular analytical instruments.

Abstract: Gas samples withdrawn from within a reactor vessel, as well as from the feed gas thereto, are passed to gas analyzers for particular components or impurities desired to be measured. The response time of the reactor analysis system employed is advantageously minimized by the elimination of dead gas space upon the closing of control valves and the provisions for rapid purging of the system or of individual gas analyzer feed lines.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for substantially reducing the backmixing or backflow of gases into metal heat treating furnaces by the use of a particular gas jet and a defined flow rate.