Abstract: There are various drawbacks by using existing OTN (Optical Transport Network) frames for communication between OTN cards. Such drawbacks might for example include high latency, low robustness, and/or high coding rate. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, systems and methods are provided for modifying an OTN frame (or creating a new frame with data from the OTN frame) prior to transmission by an OTL (Optical channel Transport Lane) in order to address some or all of the foregoing drawbacks. Note that this embodiment can make use of existing hardware (e.g. hardware used for generating the OTN frame, and the OTL used for transmission).

Abstract: Flexible rate communication signalling apparatus and methods are disclosed. A determination is made as to a set of one or more of first frames and second frames which would provide a desired communication rate. The first frames and the second frames have a common frame structure but different associated rates. The determined set of one or more of the first frames and the second frames, including received client signals, is generated.

Abstract: There are various drawbacks by using existing OTN (Optical Transport Network) frames for communication between OTN cards. Such drawbacks might for example include high latency, low robustness, and/or high coding rate. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, systems and methods are provided for modifying an OTN frame (or creating a new frame with data from the OTN frame) prior to transmission by an OTL (Optical channel Transport Lane) in order to address some or all of the foregoing drawbacks. Note that this embodiment can make use of existing hardware (e.g. hardware used for generating the OTN frame, and the OTL used for transmission).

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for transmitting data over a communication channel having at least one physical lane for transmitting data. The apparatus includes, for each physical lane, allocation circuitry configured for allocating data in logical lanes corresponding to the physical lane. The apparatus also includes, for each physical lane, a multiplexer configured for bit-interleaving the data from the logical lanes corresponding to the physical lane into interleaved data for transmission over the physical lane. In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, for each physical lane, the allocation circuitry is configured for allocating the data such that the interleaved data for transmission over the physical lane has clusters of sequential bits of the same symbol. Thus, upon transmission and reception by a receiver, any correlated errors affecting sequential bits may affect fewer symbols. Also provided is an apparatus and method for receiving data in a complementary manner.

Abstract: There are various drawbacks by using existing OTN (Optical Transport Network) frames for communication between OTN cards. Such drawbacks might for example include high latency, low robustness, and/or high coding rate. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, systems and methods are provided for modifying an OTN frame (or creating a new frame with data from the OTN frame) prior to transmission by an OTL (Optical channel Transport Lane) in order to address some or all of the foregoing drawbacks. Note that this embodiment can make use of existing hardware (e.g. hardware used for generating the OTN frame, and the OTL used for transmission).

Abstract: Despite a recent revision, IEEE 1588™-2008 does not provide a complete implementation for PTP (precision time protocol) that accounts for variable delays introduced by network components. According to a broad aspect, the present disclosure provides implementations that account for variable delays introduced by network components. Therefore, the amount of time that a packet spends in transit through a transparent clock can be accounted for. According to another broad aspect, there is provided a master-slave mode that allows a transparent clock to function as a master or a slave to another clock.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for transmitting data over a communication channel having at least one physical lane for transmitting data. The apparatus includes, for each physical lane, allocation circuitry configured for allocating data in logical lanes corresponding to the physical lane. The apparatus also includes, for each physical lane, a multiplexer configured for bit-interleaving the data from the logical lanes corresponding to the physical lane into interleaved data for transmission over the physical lane. In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, for each physical lane, the allocation circuitry is configured for allocating the data such that the interleaved data for transmission over the physical lane has clusters of sequential bits of the same symbol. Thus, upon transmission and reception by a receiver, any correlated errors affecting sequential bits may affect fewer symbols. Also provided is an apparatus and method for receiving data in a complementary manner.

Abstract: There are various drawbacks by using existing OTN (Optical Transport Network) frames for communication between OTN cards. Such drawbacks might for example include high latency, low robustness, and/or high coding rate. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, systems and methods are provided for modifying an OTN frame (or creating a new frame with data from the OTN frame) prior to transmission by an OTL (Optical channel Transport Lane) in order to address some or all of the foregoing drawbacks. Note that this embodiment can make use of existing hardware (e.g. hardware used for generating the OTN frame, and the OTL used for transmission).

Abstract: Signal format conversion apparatus and methods involve converting data signals between a first signal format associated with a first reference clock rate and a second signal format that is different from the first signal format and is associated with a second reference clock rate different from the first reference clock rate. A period of the second signal format is changed to match a period of a third signal format by controlling a synchronized second reference clock rate that is applied in converting data signals between the first signal format and the second signal format. The synchronized second reference clock rate is different from the second reference clock rate and is synchronized with a third reference clock rate. The third reference clock rate is associated with the third signal format. Such synchronization simplifies conversion of signals between the second and third signal formats.

Abstract: Despite a recent revision, IEEE 1588™-2008 does not provide a complete implementation for PTP (precision time protocol) that accounts for variable delays introduced by network components. According to a broad aspect, the present disclosure provides implementations that account for variable delays introduced by network components. Therefore, the amount of time that a packet spends in transit through a transparent clock can be accounted for. According to another broad aspect, there is provided a master-slave mode that allows a transparent clock to function as a master or a slave to another clock.

Abstract: A method of manufacture a transport network system includes: receiving input data having an input encoding; generating encoded data, having a transcode encoding, from the input data; generating an error correction redundancy for the encoded data; and sending an output frame, having the encoded data and the error correction redundancy, for increasing a net coding gain of the output frame based on the transcode encoding and the error correction redundancy.

Abstract: Signal format conversion apparatus and methods involve converting data signals between a first signal format associated with a first reference clock rate and a second signal format that is different from the first signal format and is associated with a second reference clock rate different from the first reference clock rate. A period of the second signal format is changed to match a period of a third signal format by controlling a synchronized second reference clock rate that is applied in converting data signals between the first signal format and the second signal format. The synchronized second reference clock rate is different from the second reference clock rate and is synchronized with a third reference clock rate. The third reference clock rate is associated with the third signal format. Such synchronization simplifies conversion of signals between the second and third signal formats.

Abstract: A method of manufacture a transport network system includes: receiving input data having an input encoding; generating encoded data, having a transcode encoding, from the input data; generating an error correction redundancy for the encoded data; and sending an output frame, having the encoded data and the error correction redundancy, for increasing a net coding gain of the output frame based on the transcode encoding and the error correction redundancy.