Abstract: A mobile tracking antenna for microwave signals from a satellite or distant transmitter includes a micro- electromechanical system produced by semiconductor processing. Specifically several micro faceted reflector segments have their facets selectively controlled by a feedback control system and reflects the signal onto a four sector horn which then by error signals actuates electrostatic positioning means on the micro facets to center the signal on the optimum receiving portion of the horn. Each segment covers a portion of the 360.degree. receiving spectrum. The particular segment is selected by a maximum signal being received.

Abstract: A shaft torque measuring device in the form of a compact sleeve may be slid on the steering shaft of an automobile and requires only about the same axial space as the diameter of the shaft itself. Two collars are integrally interconnected by four cross members, some of which carry strain gauges. Frictional force maintains the collars in place with torque applied to the steering shaft thus causing the cross member to bend. This deformation is sensed by the strain gauge bridge to produce a torque measurement.

Abstract: A fuzzy logic controller for a cryogenic system in which, for example, a cold tip cooling an infrared detector uses a Stirling cycle cooler-compressor with the helium coolant maintained at typically 78.degree. K. This temperature is maintained by a fuzzy logic controller which has as its inputs the temperature differential between the desired temperature and actual cold tip temperature, rate of change of such temperature, and especially for startup the difference between a maximum voltage which can be applied to the Stirling type cooler-compressor and the actual control voltage which is applied. Appropriate membership functions for all of the inputs are provided of the triangular type. And appropriate rules related to the operation of a Stirling cycle cooler provide for fuzzy outputs which with an output membership function are defuzzified to provide a control output signal which controls the final cooling power of the cooler-compressor.

Abstract: A high-speed serrodyne digital frequency translator utilizes a digital phase-shifter, for example, of series coupled Schiffman type cells, which have reference and delay paths which are switched by three-terminal devices of the gallium arsenide FET type. No bias voltages are used and the FETS are driven by the output of a binary divider network which in turn is composed of GaAs FETS as active elements. Thus switching in the picosecond range results.

Abstract: A velocity deception apparatus utilizes a serrodynable digital phase shifter of the Schiffman type where each cell of the phase shifter is driven by an output of a multi-bit counter whose clock input in turn is driven by a voltage-to-frequency converter which has a pulse train output which responds substantially instantaneously to the analog value of a linear or second order function which produces the desired frequency translation. In practice, this performs as a velocity gate stealer which produces slowly changing false doppler frequencies.

Abstract: The velocity deception apparatus utilizes a serrodyne technique to produce various deception jamming modes. The modes are all controllable by parameters which are digitally stored and in addition, the modes may be selectively actuated by a remote control panel located in the aircraft on which the apparatus is installed. All of the foregoing is accomplished with low cost, reliability, simplicity and with flexibility of operation in being able to digitally reprogram the apparatus on an ongoing basis.

Abstract: An electronic phase shifter utilizes a serrodynable digital phase shifter which is driven by the output of a multi-bit counter. The counter in turn has its clock input driven by a pulse train which produces the desired frequency translation for noise and deception jamming. Alternatively, the counter has jam inputs for electronic antenna steering and electronic phase shift applications. In order to compensate for step phase error which causes undesirable spurious sidebands, the cells of the phase shifter are pretested for individual phase errors and an interface memory is provided which by use of a corrected counter code minimizes the errors.

Abstract: A transmission line analyzer for automatically identifying the severities and locations of multiple mismatches generates a ripple waveform which is digitally analyzed by a fast fourier transform method. Foreign and harmonic signals are rejected, and return loss at each mismatch accurately determined.

Abstract: A dot connecting technique for the digital display of a spectrum analyzer generates vertical connecting lines between points by inhibiting the horizontal scan during such generation for a time period proportional to the vertical distance between dots to thereby provide connecting lines of constant intensity.

Abstract: A base line clipper for a spectrum analyzer display uses a five position momentary switch to move the base line in the up or down directions in either a fast or slow mode. This is especially useful in conjunction with the spectrum analyzer which has a variable scan time because of its dot connecting technique.

Abstract: A digitally programmable ramp generator produces a substantially linear ramp along with an equivalent digital code by use of a multiplying digital to analog converter which drives an integrator which produces a ramp voltage. This ramp voltage is compared in a feedback circuit with a stairstep ramp (produced by another DAC driven by a counter) and the summed signal is coupled to the reference input of the multiplying DAC so that if there is a difference between the stairstep and the analog ramp the first converter will tend to catch up to the stairstep ramp. Such stairstep ramp is incremented by a comparator which senses when the reference voltage to the multiplying DAC approaches zero; each time this occurs there is an incrementing of the counter. Thus, the digital counter value is equivalent to the value of the analog ramp at any point in time.