Abstract: An aqueous solution of electrolytes, a sugar osmotic agent and a physiologically safe salt of a reductive sulfur oxy-acid. Alternatively, the dialysate comprises an aqueous solution of electrolytes, a salt of a reductive sulfur oxy-acid, and osmotic agents which contain an oncotic agent other than a sugar osmotic agent.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of electrolytes, a sugar osmotic agent and a physiologically safe salt of a reductive sulfur oxy-acid. Alternatively, the dialysate comprises an aqueous solution of electrolytes, a salt of a reductive sulfur oxy-acid, and osmotic agents which contain an oncotic agent other than a sugar osmotic agent.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of electrolytes, a sugar osmotic agent and a physiologically safe salt of a reductive sulfur oxy-acid. Alternatively, the dialysate comprises an aqueous solution of electrolytes, a salt of a reductive sulfur oxy-acid, and osmotic agents which contain an oncotic agent other than a sugar osmotic agent.

Abstract: In peritoneal dialysis, a therapy for end stage renal disease patients, glucose has been used mainly as an osmotic agent in the dialysate.

Abstract: An instrument and method for continuous recirculation of peritoneal dialysate to infuse and drain out the dialysate automatically through catheters implanted in a peritoneal cavity of a human body. The recirculation instrument permits the reuse of protein which is permeated out from a patient's body, as an osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysate, in order to maintain a disinfected recirculating line, and to improve an ultrafiltration rate and clearance of uremic toxin. The recirculation method includes continuously draining the dialysate out of the peritoneal cavity, recirculating the dialysate through a closed line, filtering out a portion of the dialysate through a semipermeable membrane on the way, supplementing a comparable volume of fresh dialysate through a semipermeable membrane having a maximum permeable molecule of up to 5,000 dalton, and returning the dialysate into the peritoneal cavity.

Abstract: An instrument for continuous recirculation of peritoneal dialysate to infuse and drain out the dialysate automatically through catheters implanted in a peritoneal cavity of a human body. The instrument includes a prefilter, a primary filter comprising a semipermeable membrane having a maximum permeable molecule of up to 30,000 dalton, a pump for lowering the outside pressure of the primary filter relative to the inside pressure, a secondary filter having a semipermeable membrane having a maximum permeable molecule of 5,000 dalton, a pump for raising the pressure of a supplemental liquor line relative to the inside of a secondary filter line, and a method of recirculating dialysate using the above-mentioned instrument. The recirculation instrument permits the reuse of protein which is permeated out from a patient's body, as an osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysate, in order to maintain a disinfected recirculating line, and to improve an ultrafiltration rate and clearance of uremic toxin.