Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an ester of butyric acid from an acid mixture, comprising contacting an aqueous carboxylic acid mixture comprising butyric acid and at least one additional carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, hydroxybutyric acid and combinations thereof, wherein at least 30% of the total amount of acids in the aqueous carboxylic acid mixture are in free acid form, with a liquid extractant having a Hildebrand solubility parameter of less than 25 MPa(1/2); separating a resultant butyric acid-comprising extract from a residual aqueous phase; contacting a resultant separated butyric acid-comprising extract with an alkanol in the presence of an acid catalyst, to form a product comprising an ester of butyric acid and alkanol and optionally water; wherein when water is formed, separating water to provide a separated product comprising an ester of butyric acid.

Abstract: Method and systems are disclosed for selectively removing naturally-occurring sugars in beverages in an effective, affordable and scalable manner.

Abstract: Method and systems are disclosed for selectively removing naturally-occurring sugars in beverages in an effective, affordable and scalable manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the separation of strong acid from its salts. In said process, a strong acid salt is reacted with organic weak base (OWB) in the presence of a hydrophilic solvent and CO2. The cation of the strong acid salt is precipitated to produce a carbonate/bicarbonate salt and the strong acid form a liquid salt with the OWB. The above process is performed in a solution comprising both the strong acid salt and the WBO. In the next step, the strong acid is released from its OWB liquid salt and the OWB is returned to a previous step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the separation of strong acid from its salts. In said process, a strong acid salt is reacted with organic weak base (OWB) in the presence of a hydrophilic solvent and CO2. The cation of the strong acid salt is precipitated to produce a carbonate/bicarbonate salt and the strong acid form a liquid salt with the OWB. The above process is performed in a solution comprising both the strong acid salt and the WBO. In the next step, the strong acid is released from its OWB liquid salt and the OWB is returned to a previous step.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for selectively removing naturally-occurring sugars in beverages in an effective, affordable and scalable manner.

Abstract: A method comprising: (a) providing a partially processed sucrose crop product containing at least 2% optionally at least 5% of the sucrose content of said crop at harvest on a dry solids basis, cellulose and lignin; (b) hydrolyzing said partially processed crop product with HCl to produce an acid hydrolyzate stream and a lignin stream; and (c) de-acidifying said hydrolyzate stream to produce a de-acidified sugar solution and an HCl recovery stream. Additional, methods, systems and sugar mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: A method of irrigation is disclosed. The method comprises supplying water to an inclined irrigation pipe provided with a plurality of drippers. The water is supplied such that a pressure at a highest level of the inclined irrigation pipe is at most 90 cm H2O.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: A method of irrigation is disclosed. The method comprises supplying water to an inclined irrigation pipe provided with a plurality of drippers. The water is supplied such that a pressure at a highest level of the inclined irrigation pipe is at most 90 cm H2O.

Abstract: A method comprising: (a) providing a partially processed sucrose crop product containing at least 2% optionally at least 5% of the sucrose content of said crop at harvest on a dry solids basis, cellulose and lignin; (b) hydrolyzing said partially processed crop product with HCl to produce an acid hydrolyzate stream and a lignin stream; and (c) de-acidifying said hydrolyzate stream to produce a de-acidified sugar solution and an HCl recovery stream. Additional, methods, systems and sugar mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio ?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bead comprising: i) an external zone comprising a super absorbent polymer (SAP) that is capable of absorbing at least about 5 times its weight in water, surrounding ii) at least one internal zone comprising a core that contains at least one agrochemical, wherein the external zone is permeable to oxygen when hydrated, or the internal zone is formulated to release the at least one agrochemical into the external zone over a period of at least about one week when the hydrogel of the external zone is hydrated. The present invention also provides methods of using beads of the invention.

Abstract: The invention provides a transparent gas barrier polymer-glass-polymer laminated film comprising a first polymeric film substrate; a silicate glass layer, comprising silica and a salt of a monovalent cation other than Lithium, in combination with at least one additive selected from organo-silanes or an epoxy silane precursor, laminated onto said first polymeric film substrate; and a second polymeric film laminated on said glass layer; wherein the oxygen transmission rate through the laminated polymer-glass-polymer film is lower than 0.2 cc/m2/day and methods for the production thereof.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the invention provides a unit for delivery of agrochemicals to the roots of a plant comprising: one or more root development zones; optionally, one or more agrochemical zones; and a pesticide; wherein the agrochemical zones are formulated to release at least one agrochemical into the root development zones in a controlled release manner when the root development zones are swelled; and wherein the dry weight ratio of the root development zones to the agrochemical zones in a dry unit is 0.05:1 to 20:1, or wherein the total volume of the root development zones in the unit is at least 0.2 mL when the unit is fully swelled.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio ?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: A method comprising: (a) providing a partially processed sucrose crop product containing at least 2% optionally at least 5% of the sucrose content of said crop at harvest on a dry solids basis, cellulose and lignin; (b) hydrolyzing said partially processed crop product with HCl to produce an acid hydrolyzate stream and a lignin stream; and (c) de-acidifying said hydrolyzate stream to produce a de-acidified sugar solution and an HCl recovery stream. Additional, methods, systems and sugar mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio ?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: A unit for delivery of agrochemicals to the roots of a plant comprising one or more root development zones, and one or more agrochemical zones containing at least one agrochemical, wherein the agrochemical zones are formulated to release the at least one agrochemical into the root development zones in a controlled release manner when the root development zones are hydrated, and wherein the weight ratio of the root development zones to the agrochemical zones in a dry unit is 0.05:1 to 0.32:1.