Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a contact angle of a catheter relative to tissue are provided. In one embodiment, a system includes a catheter with three or more electrodes, and a processor circuit in communication with the catheter. The processor circuit controls the three or more electrodes to emit a plurality of electrical voltages and to measure the plurality of electrical voltages. Based on the measured electrical voltages, the processor circuit calculates a first interelectrode impedance and a second interelectrode impedance. The processor circuit calculates, for each of a plurality of hypothetical i.e. model angles, a first hypothetical i.e. model contact force and a second hypothetical i.e. model contact force based on the first and second interelectrode impedances. The processor circuit determines and outputs the contact angle of the catheter based on a comparison of the first and second model contact forces calculated for each of the plurality of model angles.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a contact angle of a catheter relative to tissue are provided. In one embodiment, a system includes a catheter with three or more electrodes, and a processor circuit in communication with the catheter. The processor circuit controls the three or more electrodes to emit a plurality of electrical voltages and to measure the plurality of electrical voltages. Based on the measured electrical voltages, the processor circuit calculates a first interelectrode impedance and a second interelectrode impedance. The processor circuit calculates, for each of a plurality of hypothetical i.e. model angles, a first hypothetical i.e. model contact force and a second hypothetical i.e. model contact force based on the first and second interelectrode impedances. The processor circuit determines and outputs the contact angle of the catheter based on a comparison of the first and second model contact forces calculated for each of the plurality of model angles.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for receiving a request from a first device requesting a communication session with a second device; coordinating with a communication gateway and a registration database to determine whether the second device is registered with the communication server; enabling transmission of a first notification to the second device in response to determining that the second device is registered with the communication server, or enabling transmission of a second notification to the second device in response to determining that the second device is not registered with the communication server, the first notification and the second notification notifying the second device of the request for the communication session; receiving an indication of acceptance of the communication session from the second device; and coordinating with the communication gateway to start the communication session between the first device and the second device in response to receiving the indication of acceptance.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for receiving, at a communication server, a web-based request for a real-time communication session, selecting, at the communication server, a number of applications based on information included in the web-based request to support the real-time communication session, the number of applications being from among the plurality of applications running on the one or more application servers, communicating with the one or more application servers to enable provision of the number of applications for the real-time communication session, and enabling the real-time communication session between a first device and a second device.

Abstract: A method performed by a communication server includes receiving a request from a first network entity to set up a communication session between a first user at a first device and a second user at a second device, wherein the first network entity is registered with the communication server, in response to the request, generating a token, wherein the token is configured to grant access to the communication session, sending the token to the first network entity, after sending the token to the first network entity, receiving the token from the first user at the first device, and causing the communication session to be set up between the first user at the first device and the second user at the second device according to the token.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for receiving, at a communication server, a web-based request for a real-time communication session, selecting, at the communication server, a number of applications based on information included in the web-based request to support the real-time communication session, the number of applications being from among the plurality of applications running on the one or more application servers, communicating with the one or more application servers to enable provision of the number of applications for the real-time communication session, and enabling the real-time communication session between a first device and a second device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for receiving a request from a first device requesting a communication session with a second device; coordinating with a communication gateway and a registration database to determine whether the second device is registered with the communication server; enabling transmission of a first notification to the second device in response to determining that the second device is registered with the communication server, or enabling transmission of a second notification to the second device in response to determining that the second device is not registered with the communication server, the first notification and the second notification notifying the second device of the request for the communication session; receiving an indication of acceptance of the communication session from the second device; and coordinating with the communication gateway to start the communication session between the first device and the second device in response to receiving the indication of acceptance.

Abstract: A method performed by a communication server includes receiving a request from a first network entity to set up a communication session between a first user at a first device and a second user at a second device, wherein the first network entity is registered with the communication server, in response to the request, generating a token, wherein the token is configured to grant access to the communication session, sending the token to the first network entity, after sending the token to the first network entity, receiving the token from the first user at the first device, and causing the communication session to be set up between the first user at the first device and the second user at the second device according to the token.

Abstract: A system, method and a computer-readable medium having a computer-readable code embodied therein for providing content to a user, the method includes: generating, by a media provider, an instruction to fulfill a preliminary condition for receiving a second media conveying stream; transmitting the instruction to the user while also sending a first multicast media conveying stream; waiting for a preliminary condition fulfillment time period to lapse from an end of the transmitting of the instruction; and transmitting, by the media provider, the second media conveying stream towards the user, wherein the transmitting is initiated without being aware of an exact timing of a fulfillment of the preliminary condition.

Abstract: A scheme for providing programs to multiple end user devices. Two types of media streams that convey a first group of programs are provided to multiple end user devices via an edge device. The two types of programs include a unicast media stream and a multicast media stream. When a request from a first end user device to view a first program that belongs to the first group of programs is received, a type of a media stream that conveys the first program to a second end user device is selectively switched, in response to bandwidth constraints imposed on a communication path coupled to the edge device.

Abstract: A device and a method for providing programs to multiple end user devices. The method includes: providing to multiple end user devices, via an edge device, at least one type of media stream out of unicast media stream and a multicast media stream; wherein the at least one type of media stream convey a group of programs; receiving a request from a first end user device to view a first program that belongs to the group of programs; and selectively switching, in response to bandwidth constraints imposed on a communication path coupled to the edge device, a type of a media stream that conveys the first program to a second end user device.

Abstract: A scheme for providing programs to multiple end user devices. Two types of media streams that convey a first group of programs are provided to multiple end user devices via an edge device. The two types of programs include a unicast media stream and a multicast media stream. When a request from a first end user device to view a first program that belongs to the first group of programs is received, a type of a media stream that conveys the first program to a second end user device is selectively switched, in response to bandwidth constraints imposed on a communication path coupled to the edge device.

Abstract: A device and a method for providing programs to multiple end user devices. The method includes: providing to multiple end user devices, via an edge device, at least one type of media stream out of unicast media stream and a multicast media stream; wherein the at least one type of media stream convey a group of programs; receiving a request from a first end user device to view a first program that belongs to the group of programs; and selectively switching, in response to bandwidth constraints imposed on a communication path coupled to the edge device, a type of a media stream that conveys the first program to a second end user device.