Abstract: An improved process for the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in a dual fluidized bed reactor for producing synthesis gas is disclosed. The disclosure uses ?-alumina as a catalyst support iand heat carrier in the gasification zone (102). The gasification zone (102) is operated at 700-750° C. to prevent substantial conversion of ?-alumina to ?-alumina, which would manifest in the enablement of high catalyst loading and high recyclability. The catalyst is an alkali metal, preferably K2CO3, so that conversion proportional to total K2CO3 to solid carbon ratio is achieved with as high K2CO3 loading as 50 wt % on the solid support. The combustion zone (140) is operated at 800°-840° C., to prevent any conversion of the ?-alumina to ?-alumina, so that catalyst recyclability of up to 98% is achieved between two successive cycles.

Abstract: A method for removing chloride impurities from a heavy hydrocarbon stream is disclosed. The heavy hydrocarbon stream is contacted with a stripping medium at a temperature ranging between 100-450° C. and at a pressure ranging between 0.1-2 bar with ratio of the heavy hydrocarbon stream to the stripping medium ranging between 1-30; wherein the temperature is maintained below the initial boiling point of the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) additive preparation process and composition, which has high efficiency in the production of light olefins C2, C3 and C4 hydrocarbons, specifically propylene. The present invention discloses the stabilization of medium pore zeolite specifically ZSM-5 using optimum phosphate salts at a pH in the range 7-9 with synergetic combination of silica rich binder to produce FCC additive having excellent stability under severe hydrothermal conditions.

Abstract: A process for catalytic conversion of low value hydrocarbon streams to light olefins in comparatively higher yields is disclosed. Propylene is obtained in amounts higher than 20 wt. % and ethylene higher than 6 wt. %. The process is carried out in a preheated cracking reactor having a single riser and circulating an FCC catalyst. The riser is divided into three temperature zones in which different hydrocarbon feeds are introduced. An oxygenate feed is introduced in the operative top zone in the riser. Heat for the endothermic cracking is obtained by the exothermic reaction of converting the oxygenate feed into gas and/or from a regenerator in which the spent FCC catalyst is burnt.

Abstract: A computer implemented blend control system and method for preparation of a hydrocarbon blend from a plurality of component streams have been disclosed. The system includes a product tank for receiving a mixture comprising the plurality of component streams. The system further includes a sensing and analyzing means adapted to sense and analyze a first attribute of the received mixture for obtaining a first attribute data. The system further includes an optimizing means which stores the attribute based model data, receives the first attribute data and compares the received first attribute data with the attribute based model data to compute an optimized proportion data, based on which the component streams are selectively drawn into the product tank for preparing the hydrocarbon blend.

Abstract: A computer implemented blend control system and method for preparation of a hydrocarbon blend from a plurality of components drawn from respective component tanks have been disclosed. The system, in accordance with the present disclosure includes at least one sensing and analyzing means adapted to sense and analyze a first attribute of at least one of the components for obtaining first attribute data. The system further includes, at least one optimizing means having a data storage means for storing attribute based model data. The optimizing means receives the first attribute data and transmits the received first attribute data to a comparator means which computes an optimized proportion data between each of the component streams to enable selective drawing of each of the component streams in accordance with the optimized proportion data for preparing the hydrocarbon blend.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) which contains a combination of a FCC catalyst component and an additive component with certain physical properties attributed therein. The present invention is also directed to provide methods for the preparation of the catalyst for FCC. The admixture of the FCC catalyst component and additive component is used in cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock containing hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight and higher boiling point and/or olefin gasoline naphtha feedstock for producing lower yield of fuel gas with out affecting the conversion and yield of general cracking products such as gasoline, propylene and C4 olefins.

Abstract: Manufacture of propylene and ethylene in a FCC unit. Each FCC riser comprises an acceleration zone, a lift stream feed nozzle, a main hydrocarbon stock feed nozzle, and an olefinic naphtha feed nozzle. Mixed FCC catalyst comprising at least 2 percent by weight pentasil zeolite and at least 10 percent by weight Y-zeolite is injected at the bottom of each FCC riser. Olefinic naptha is injected through the olefinic feed nozzle, main hydrocarbon stock is injected through the main hydrocarbon stock feed nozzle and lift stream is injected through the lift stream feed nozzle. Lift stream comprises olefinic C4 hydrocarbon stream and optionally steam and/or a fuel gas. Olefinic C4 hydrocarbon steam is cracked in the acceleration zone at 600 to 800° C., 0.8 to 5 kg/cm2 (gauge) pressure, WHSV 0.2 to 100 hr up 1 and vapour residence time 0.2 to 5 seconds.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for enhanced recovery of propylene and LPG from the fuel gas produced in Fluid catalytic cracking unit by contacting a heavier hydrocarbon feed with FCC catalyst. In the conventional process, the product mixture from FCC main column overhead comprising naphtha, LPG and fuel gas, are first condensed and gravity separated to produce unstabilized naphtha, which is subsequently used in the absorber to absorb propylene and LPG from fuel gas. However, the recovery of propylene beyond 97 wt % is difficult in this process since unstabilized naphtha already contains propylene of 5 mol % or above. In the present invention, C4 and lighter components from unstabilized naphtha are first stripped off in a separate column to obtain a liquid fraction almost free from propylene (<0.1 mol %) and other LPG components. Such a stripped liquid fraction, after cooling to 20° C. to 30° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) additive preparation process and composition, which has high efficiency in the production of light olefins C2, C3 and C4 hydrocarbons, specifically propylene. The present invention discloses the stabilization of medium pore zeolite specifically ZSM-5 using optimum phosphate salts at a pH in the range 7-9 with synergetic combination of silica rich binder to produce FCC additive having excellent stability under severe hydrothermal conditions.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for enhanced recovery of propylene and LPG from the fuel gas produced in Fluid catalytic cracking unit by contacting a heavier hydrocarbon feed with FCC catalyst. In the conventional process, the product mixture from FCC main column overhead comprising naphtha, LPG and fuel gas, are first condensed and gravity separated to produce unstabilized naphtha, which is subsequently used in the absorber to absorb propylene and LPG from fuel gas. However, the recovery of propylene beyond 97 wt % is difficult in this process since unstabilized naphtha already contains propylene of 5 mol % or above. In the present invention, C4 and lighter components from unstabilized naphtha are first stripped off in a separate column to obtain a liquid fraction almost free from propylene (<0.1 mol %) and other LPG components. Such a stripped liquid fraction, after cooling to 20° C. to 30° C.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process for manufacturing propylene and ethylene in increased yield. The process comprises cracking an olefinic naphtha stream and main hydrocarbon stock in combination with an olefinic C4 hydrocarbon stream in different zones of one or more risers of an FCC unit. Each FCC riser comprises an acceleration zone at the lower portion thereof, a lift stream feed nozzle at the bottom of the acceleration zone, a main hydrocarbon stock feed nozzle above the acceleration zone and an olefinic naphtha feed nozzle at a location along the acceleration zone between the lift stream feed nozzle and main hydrocarbon stock feed nozzle. The cracking is carried out on a mixed FCC catalyst comprising at least 2 percent by weight pentasil zeolite and at least 10 percent by weight Y-zeolite.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing needle coke from heavy atmospheric distillation residues having sulfur no more than 0.7 wt %, which process involves the steps of heating the feedstock to a temperature in the range of 440 to 520° C. for thermal cracking in a soaking column under pressure in the range of 1 to 10 kg/cm2 to separate the easily cokable material, separating the cracked products in a quench column and a distillation column and then subjecting the hydrocarbon fraction from the bottom of the quench column and a hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point in the range of 380 to 480° C. from the distillation column and/or any other suitable heavier hydrocarbon streams in a definite ratio depending on certain characteristic parameters to thermal cracking in a second soaking column at a temperature of 460 to 540° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of hydrocarbon streams with 95% true boiling point less than 400° C. to very high yield of liquefied petroleum gas in the range of 45-65 wt % of feed and high octane gasoline, the said process comprises catalytic cracking of the hydrocarbons using a solid fluidizable catalyst comprising a medium pore crystalline alumino-silicates with or without Y-zeolite, non crystalline acidic materials or combinations thereof in a fluidized dense bed reactor operating at a temperature range of 400 to 550° C., pressure range of 2 to 20 kg/cm2 (g) and weight hourly space velocity in range of 0.1 to 20 hour?1, wherein the said dense bed reactor is in flow communication to a catalyst stripper and a regenerator for continuous regeneration of the coked catalyst in presence of air and or oxygen containing gases, the catalyst being continuously circulated between the reactor-regenerator system.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided a process and apparatus for catalytic cracking of various petroleum based heavy feed stocks in the presence of solid zeolite catalyst and high pore size acidic components for selective bottom cracking and mixtures thereof, in multiple riser type continuously circulating fluidized bed reactors operated at different severities to produce high yield of middle distillates, in the range of 50–65 wt % of fresh feed.

Abstract: A sequential processing for heavy petroleum residues is disclosed which uses a separate mixture of catalyst and adsorbent. The solid adsorbent and FCC (fluids catalytic cracking) catalyst particles differ significant at least on particle size or density or both. The adsorbent preferably consist of calcined coke or metal oxides of Al, Si, or Mg having enhanced ability of selectively capture different impurities of the residual oil. The adsorbent particles first treat the residual hydrocarbons in the riser bottom end subsequently the actual catalyst tales care of catalytic cracking in the upper section of the riser. The spent solid mixture is fed to the catalyst separator which uses steam at sufficiently high velocity but at lower temperature to lift the catalyst particles out of the separator. Such a novel low temperature faster separation minimizes Vanadium mobility and deactivation of the catalyst. A net coke stream is withdrawn from the separator/burner especially while processing residues above 5 wt % CCR.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the upgradation of petroleum residue into useful fractions by subjecting petroleum residue in the presence of a solvent and ferrous sulphate catalyst to a pressure in the range of 10 atm. to 120 atm., temperature in the range of 380-420° C., for a period in the range of 0-120 minutes, in a reactor vessel, in an inert atmosphere. The charge is then cooled to room temperature and the product gas released through scrubbers. The residue is re-heated, if required, for free flow of liquid product. The resulting liquid product is distilled to obtain useful fractions.

Abstract: A fluidized catalytic cracking process for catalytically cracking a feed to lighter products includes introducing a heated catalyst and the feed into a bottom riser of a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus and allowing the heated catalyst and the feed to preaccelerate upwardly within the bottom riser as a mixture; flowing the mixture upwardly from the bottom riser through a plurality of microriser tubes disposed within a regenerator under conditions effective to cause a cracking reaction of the hydrocarbons and result in a mixture including coked catalyst and hydrocarbon vapors; passing the mixture from the microriser tubes through a catalyst separator for separating the coked catalyst from the hydrocarbon vapors; collecting coked catalyst in a stripper for stripping out hydrocarbon vapors carried along with the coked catalyst and introducing the coked catalyst collected into a regenerator; simultaneous with flowing the mixture, combusting the coked catalyst within the regenerator under conditions effectiv

Abstract: A process for converting undesirable olefinic hydrocarbon streams to hydrogen and petrochemical feedstock e.g. light olefins in C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 range and aromatics especially toluene and xylenes, which comprises simultaneous cracking and reforming at olefin rich hydrocarbons using a catalyst consisting of dehydrogenating metal components, shape selective zeolite components and large pore acidic components in different proportions in a circulating fluidized bed reactor-regenerator system having reactor temperature within 450-750.degree. C. and WHSV of 0.1-60 hour.sup.-1.

Abstract: A fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus includes a riser containing a regenerated catalyst and adsorbant, and has a first inlet for introduction of high velocity steam, a second inlet for introduction of a feed stream containing heavy residual fractions with high concentrations of conradson coke, metals including vanadium and nickel, and additional poisons including nitrogen, a third inlet for introduction of an adsorbent, and a fourth inlet disposed above the third inlet means for introduction of a regenerated catalyst, the adsorbent having a particle size which is larger than that of the regenerated catalyst.