Abstract: The present invention is related to single-chain insulin having insulin activity comprising a B- and an A-chain or a modified B- and A-chain connected by a connecting peptide of from 6-11 amino acids. The single-chain insulins will have biological insulin activity and an IGF-1 receptor affinity similar to or lower than that of human insulin and a high physical stability. The single-chain insulin may contain at least one basic amino acid residues in the connecting peptide. The single-chain insulins may also be acylated in one or more Lys residues.

Abstract: A trefoil factor peptide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to protracted human insulin derivatives in which the A21 and the B3 amino acid residues are, independently, any amino acid residue which can be coded for by the genetic code except Lys, Arg and Cys; PheB1 may be deleted; the B30 amino acid residue is (a) a non-codable, lipophilic amino acid having from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, in which case an acyl group of a carboxylic acid with up to 5 carbon atoms is bound to the ?-amino group of LysB29; or (b) the B30 amino acid residue is deleted or is any amino acid residue which can be coded for by the genetic code except Lys, Arg and Cys, in any of which cases the C-amino group of LysB29 has a lipophilic substituent; and any Zn2+ complexes thereof with the proviso that when B30 is Thr or Ala and A21 and B3 are both Asn, and PheB1 is present, then the insulin derivative is always present as a Zn2+ complex.

Abstract: A process for producing high amount of proteins or polypeptides in yeast is disclosed. The process makes use of the CIT1 yeast promoter or a functional part or variant thereof. Examples of polypeptides which are expressed in high yields are insulin or insulin analogues or GLP1.