Abstract: An optical recording medium has a recording layer formed of a plurality of reflection hologram layers. A spacer layer is interposed between the respective reflection hologram layers. The reflection hologram layer is made of a material having a thermal threshold value which allows, when being irradiated with a recording laser beam, local absorbed heat to vary hologram diffraction conditions at a focal position, and allows the hologram to be retained at non-focal positions. The spacer layer is made of a material which is insensitive to a laser beam of a recording wavelength and which has a smaller extinction coefficient than that of the reflection hologram layer.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a support substrate and an information recording layer which is supported on the support substrate and made of a photosensitive material which is irradiated with light to be refractive index modulated and amplitude modulated, thereby recording information. The information recording layer has the shape of a coating which is formed by applying a photosensitive material reversibly dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent onto the support substrate. The photosensitive material in the shape of a coating, as a photopolymer for hologram recording material, contains the cross-linked matrix to maintain the rigidity of the recording material. The optical recording medium is retained in shape with stability, and particularly prevented from being deformed due to shrinkage, thereby facilitating manufacturing of the optical recording medium.

Abstract: An electrical double layer capacitor comprises an element and a case which houses the element. The element has an anode charge collector, anode, separator, cathode and cathode charge collector. The anode and cathode consist of a porous layer containing electrically conducting porous particles as a constituent material. The anode charge collector is disposed in electrical contact with the anode. The cathode charge collector is disposed in electrical contact with the cathode. The thickness of the element is 600 ?m or less. The sum of the anode thickness and cathode thickness is set to 80% or less of the thickness of the element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a homogeneous complex oxide sol comprising Si and a metal other than Si as metal elements, and a method for producing a Si-containing hologram recording material using a homogeneous complex oxide sol. A method for producing a complex oxide sol comprising Si and a metal other than Si as metal elements, the method comprising: mixing a silanol compound with an alkoxide compound of a metal other than Si so that the silanol compound is reacted with the alkoxide compound, thereby yielding a precursor of a complex oxide, and adding water to the complex oxide precursor so as to hydrolyze an alkoxyl group bonded to the metal other than Si, and then making the resulting hydrolysate undergo a condensation reaction, thereby forming a complex oxide. A hologram recording medium (11) having a hologram recording layer (21) comprising the hologram recording material obtained by the production method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording medium wherein high refractive index change, flexibility, low scattering, environment resistance, durability, low dimensional change (low shrinkage), and high multiplicity are attained in holographic memory recording using a blue laser as well as a green laser. A hologram recording medium comprising at least a hologram recording layer, wherein the hologram recording layer (21) contains at least an organometallic compound which contains a metal atom, an organic group, and an oxygen atom, and has a direct bond between the metal atom and a carbon atom in the organic group (a metal-carbon bond), and a bond between the metal atoms through the oxygen atom (a metal-oxygen-metal bond) and a photopolymerizable compound; and the hologram recording layer (21) contains the metal atoms in an amount of 3.0% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less with respect to the hologram recording layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording medium wherein, in holographic memory recording using a blue laser as well as a green laser, a fall in light transmittance is very small even after recording. A hologram recording medium comprising at least a hologram recording material layer, wherein the hologram recording material layer (21) comprises at least fine particles of a metal compound, and a photopolymerizable compound; and the recording sensitivity of said recording medium (11) to a laser light having a wavelength of 405±5 nm is 0.05 cm/mJ or more and 1.20 cm/mJ or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording material and a hologram recording medium, suitable for volume hologram recording, that are excellent in multiple recording characteristics and stability over time in holographic memory recording using a blue laser as well as a green laser. A hologram recording material comprising at least metal compound fine particles and a photopolymerizable compound, wherein the metal compound fine particles comprise organometallic fine particles which contain a metal atom, an organic group, and an oxygen atom, have a direct bond between the metal atom and a carbon atom in the organic group (a metal-carbon bond), and have a bond between the metal atoms through the oxygen atom (a metal-oxygen-metal bond); and the metal compound fine particles are not crosslinked with each other. A hologram recording medium (11) having the hologram recording material layer (21).

Abstract: A hologram recording medium includes a support substrate, a hologram recording material layer, a transparent gel layer, and a protective substrate. The transparent gel layer is formed of a resin material gelated by cross-linking, or more specifically, such as gelated silicone cross-linked by hydrosilylation or gelated polyurethane cross-linked by polyaddition of isocyanic ester to alcohol. The transparent gel layer serves as a filler to compensate for variations in thickness of the hologram recording material layer. The transparent gel layer fills those gaps occurring between the recording material layer of the hologram recording medium and the adjacent substrate, without having adverse effects on the recording characteristics, in a manner that allows for controlling the refractive index.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording material which is suitable for volume hologram record and attains high refractive index change, flexibility, high sensitivity, low scattering, environment resistance, durability, low shrinkage and high multiplicity in holographic memory record using not only a green laser but also a blue laser; a process for producing the same; and a hologram recording medium having the hologram recording material. A hologram recording material comprising: a metal oxide containing at least Si and Zr as metals, wherein an aromatic carboxylic acid compound is coordinated to Zr; and a photopolymerizable compound. The aromatic carboxylic acid compound is, for example, toluic acid. A hologram recording medium (11) comprising the hologram recording material layer (21).

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording material which is suitable for volume hologram record and can attain high refractive index change, flexibility, high sensitivity, low scattering, environment resistance, that is, storage stability, durability, low dimensional change (low shrinkage) and high multiplicity in holographic memory record using not only a green laser but also a blue laser. A hologram recording material comprising: a metal oxide matrix; and a photopolymerizable compound which has at least one (meth)acrylamide group as a photo-reactive group, and has a polyalkylene glycol unit represented by the following formula: —(RO)n— wherein R represents a lower alkylene group, and n represents the number of repeating units of alkylene oxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording material which is suitable for volume hologram record and attains high refractive index change, flexibility, high sensitivity, low scattering, environment resistance, durability, low shrinkage and high multiplicity in holographic memory record using not only a green laser but also a blue laser; a process for producing the same; and a hologram recording medium having the hologram recording material. A hologram recording material comprising: a metal oxide containing at least Si and Zr as metals wherein a ?-dicarbonyl compound is coordinated to Zr; and a photopolymerizable compound, wherein a mole ratio of the ?-dicarbonyl compound to the Zr atom (?-dicarbonyl compound/Zr ratio) is 2/1 or more and 3/1 or less, and a mole ratio of the Si atom to the Zr atom (Si/Zr ratio) is more than 1/1 and 1.15/1 or less in the metal oxide. A hologram recording medium (11) comprising the hologram recording material layer (21).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making an electrochemical capacitor electrode including a collector and an electronically conductive porous layer formed on the collector, the porous layer containing at least an electronically conductive porous particle and a binder adapted to bind the porous particle; the method including a mixing step of mixing the binder and a porous particle with a solvent including an organic solvent usable in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the organic solvent existing on a surface of the porous particle. The present invention also provides a porous particle with a solvent, wherein an organic solvent usable in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution exists on the surface of a porous body having an electronic conductivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording medium which is suitable for volume hologram record and can attain high refractive index change, flexibility, high sensitivity, low scattering, environment resistance, durability, low dimensional change (low shrinkage) and high multiplicity in holographic memory record using not only a green laser but also a blue laser.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a titanium-containing metal oxide the coloration of which is decreased; a hologram recording material suitable for holographic memory recording using a blue laser, wherein a titanium-containing metal oxide the coloration of which is decreased is used as a metal oxide matrix; a process for producing the same; and a hologram recording medium. A process for producing a metal oxide comprising at least Ti as a metal element, the process comprising: providing an alkoxide compound of Ti to which a glycol other than any geminal diol and any vicinal diol is coordinated; hydrolyzing the alkoxide compound of Ti to which the glycol is coordinated, thereby yielding a precursor of a metal oxide; and advancing polycondensation reaction of the metal oxide precursor, thereby forming the metal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording material which is suitable for volume hologram record and can attain high refractive index change, flexibility, high sensitivity, low scattering, environment resistance, durability, low dimensional change (low shrinkage) and high multiplicity in holographic memory record using not only a green laser but also a blue laser; and provides a hologram recording medium having a hologram recording layer comprising the hologram recording material. A hologram recording material comprising a metal oxide matrix and a photopolymerizable compound, wherein the metal oxide matrix comprises at least Si and Ti as metallic elements, and Ti originates from titanium-containing oxide fine particles. A hologram recording medium (11) having the hologram recording layer (21) comprising the hologram recording material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording medium which can attain high refractive index change, flexibility, high sensitivity, low scattering, environment resistance, durability, low dimension change (low shrinkage) and high multiplicity in holographic memory record using a blue laser. A hologram recording medium (11) comprising at least a hologram recording material layer, wherein the hologram recording material layer (21) comprises at least: an organometallic compound having at least a Ti—O bond, and a photopolymerizable compound; and said medium has a light transmittance is 50% or more at a wavelength of 405 nm, or a light reflectance is 25% or more at a wavelength of 405 nm. The organometallic compound is favorably obtained by subjecting an alkoxide compound of the corresponding metal(s) to hydrolysis and polymerization reaction in an organic solvent which neither contains cyclic ether skeleton nor carbonyl oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording medium which can attain high refractive index change, flexibility, high sensitivity, low scattering, environment resistance, durability, low dimension change (low shrinkage) and high multiplicity in holographic memory record using a blue laser. A hologram recording medium (11) comprising at least a hologram recording material layer, wherein the hologram recording material layer (21) comprises at least a metal oxide and a photopolymerizable compound; and said hologram recording medium has a light transmittance of 50% or more at a wavelength of 405 nm, or a light reflectance of 25% or more at a wavelength of 405 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording material which is suitable for volume hologram record and attains high refractive index change, flexibility, high sensitivity, low scattering, environment resistance, durability, low shrinkage and high multiplicity in holographic memory record using not only a green laser but also a blue laser; a process for producing the same; and a hologram recording medium having the hologram recording material. A hologram recording material comprising: a metal oxide comprising Si and at least one selected from the group consisting of Ta and Zr, as metals, wherein a complexing ligand is coordinated to Ta and/or Zr; and a photopolymerizable compound. The complexing ligand is preferably selected from the group consisting of ?-dicarbonyl compounds, polyhydroxylated ligands, and ?- or ?-hydroxy acids. A hologram recording medium (11) comprising the hologram recording material layer (21).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical capacitor, and provides an electrochemical capacitor which has a fully lowered internal resistance and can yield excellent charging/discharging characteristics. The electrochemical capacitor of the present invention is mainly constituted by an anode and a cathode which oppose each other, an insulating separator disposed between the anode and cathode adjacent thereto, an electrolytic solution, and a casing accommodating them in a closed state. The anode contains a substantially spherical carbon material having an electronic conductivity as a constituent material, whereas the cathode contains a fibrous carbon material having an electronic conductivity as a constituent material.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor comprising a pair of electrodes and an electrolytic solution in contact with said pair of electrodes, wherein: the electrolytic solution contains a compound having the formula (1) and an organic solvent. Here, R1 is a group selected from among dimethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene and pentamethylene, and R2 is tetramethylene or pentamethylene.