Abstract: A vehicle control device includes a processor and memory. The memory stores relation-defining data for defining a relation between a state of a vehicle and an action variable that is a variable relating to operations of a transmission installed in the vehicle. The processor is configured to execute acquisition processing, operation processing, reward calculation processing, updating processing, counting processing, and limiting processing. The processor is configured to output the relation-defining data updated so that an expected income is increased when the transmission is operated following the relation-defining data, based on an updating map.

Abstract: A notification method includes: determining candidate destinations for a vehicle from among a plurality of facilities requesting for electric power, using first information about the vehicle and second information about the plurality of facilities; and transmitting the candidate destinations to a user terminal of the vehicle. The first information includes a power generation type of an electric power stored in a power storage device included in the vehicle. The second information includes a power generation type of the electric power requested by each of the plurality of facilities.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, an intermediate layer, and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a tungsten oxide particle, and the tungsten oxide particle contains a tungsten atom, an oxygen atom, and a cesium atom.

Abstract: A control unit of a telephone device is configured to perform a first processing of: estimating a line echo amount based on a volume of a DTMF signal generated by a DTMF signal generation unit and a volume of the DTMF signal input from a line; calculating a howling noise threshold value based on the maximum value of the acoustic echo generated at a handset that is measured in advance and set values of a sidetone volume, a transmission volume, and a reception volume; and calculating a difference between the line echo amount and the howling noise threshold value as an adjustment requisite amount and lowering the set value of the sidetone volume by the adjustment requisite amount when the line echo amount is larger than the howling noise threshold value.

Abstract: A valve device includes a relief valve configured to be opened when a pressure in a fluid pressure circuit reaches a predetermined pressure and to relieve a working fluid, a tank passage connected to a tank, a main relief passage connecting the relief valve and the tank passage, and a sub relief passage branching from the main relief passage and connected to the tank passage separately from the main relief passage.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, an intermediate layer, and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a tungsten oxide particle, and the tungsten oxide particle contains a tungsten atom, an oxygen atom, and a cesium atom.

Abstract: A control unit of a telephone device is configured to perform a first processing of: estimating a line echo amount based on a volume of a DTMF signal generated by a DTMF signal generation unit and a volume of the DTMF signal input from a line; calculating a howling noise threshold value based on the maximum value of the acoustic echo generated at a handset that is measured in advance and set values of a sidetone volume, a transmission volume, and a reception volume; and calculating a difference between the line echo amount and the howling noise threshold value as an adjustment requisite amount and lowering the set value of the sidetone volume by the adjustment requisite amount when the line echo amount is larger than the howling noise threshold value.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes, in sequence, a support, a conductive layer, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer. The conductive layer is a cured film, and the cured film contains titanium oxide particles doped with niobium. The undercoat layer contains a cured product of a composition that contains an electron transport material having a polymerizable functional group and a resin functionalized with a carboxylic acid derivative.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can achieve both of an adequately high initial sensitivity as the electrophotographic photosensitive member and reduction in the fluctuation of a light portion potential at the time of repeated use. An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an electroconductive layer and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the electroconductive layer contains a binder material and a metal oxide particle; the metal oxide particle has a core material containing a titanium oxide, and a covering layer which covers the core material and contains the titanium oxide; and when the oxygen deficiency ratio of the metal oxide particle is represented by A, the oxygen deficiency ratio of the core material is represented by B, and the oxygen deficiency ratio of the covering layer is represented by C, the Expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: A?2% (1) and 10×B<C (2).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image forming part forming an image includes a user authenticating part, a terminal selecting part and an installation instructing part. The user authenticating part authenticates a user on the basis of authentication information peculiar to the user in installing operation making an external terminal communicably connected to the image forming apparatus install a driver of the image forming apparatus. The terminal selecting part selects the external terminal registered in association with the user authenticated by the user authenticating part as an object terminal in the installing operation. The installation instructing part establishes remote access to the object terminal on the basis of log-in information previously registered with regard to the object terminal selected by the terminal selecting part and transmits installation instruction making the object terminal execute automatic installation of the driver to the object terminal.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can achieve both of the suppression of a fluctuation in potential of the photosensitive member at the time of its repeated use, and the prevention of the occurrence of a black spot-like image defect at high levels. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes in this order: a support; an intermediate layer; and a photosensitive layer, the intermediate layer containing particles each containing titanium oxide, and the particles having a mass increase ratio of 0.005% or more when heated under a nitrogen atmosphere from 300° C. to 900° C.

Abstract: A valve device includes a relief valve configured to be opened when a pressure in a fluid pressure circuit reaches a predetermined pressure and to relieve a working fluid, a tank passage connected to a tank, a main relief passage connecting the relief valve and the tank passage, and a sub relief passage branching from the main relief passage and connected to the tank passage separately from the main relief passage.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image forming part forming an image includes a user authenticating part, a terminal selecting part and an installation instructing part. The user authenticating part authenticates a user on the basis of authentication information peculiar to the user in installing operation making an external terminal communicably connected to the image forming apparatus install a driver of the image forming apparatus. The terminal selecting part selects the external terminal registered in association with the user authenticated by the user authenticating part as an object terminal in the installing operation. The installation instructing part establishes remote access to the object terminal on the basis of log-in information previously registered with regard to the object terminal selected by the terminal selecting part and transmits installation instruction making the object terminal execute automatic installation of the driver to the object terminal.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can achieve both of an adequately high initial sensitivity as the electrophotographic photosensitive member and reduction in the fluctuation of a light portion potential at the time of repeated use. An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an electroconductive layer and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the electroconductive layer contains a binder material and a metal oxide particle; the metal oxide particle has a core material containing a titanium oxide, and a covering layer which covers the core material and contains the titanium oxide; and when the oxygen deficiency ratio of the metal oxide particle is represented by A, the oxygen deficiency ratio of the core material is represented by B, and the oxygen deficiency ratio of the covering layer is represented by C, the Expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: A?2% (1) and 10×B<C (2).

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can achieve both of the suppression of a fluctuation in potential of the photosensitive member at the time of its repeated use, and the prevention of the occurrence of a black spot-like image defect at high levels. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes in this order: a support; an intermediate layer; and a photosensitive layer, the intermediate layer containing particles each containing titanium oxide, and the particles having a mass increase ratio of 0.005% or more when heated under a nitrogen atmosphere from 300° C. to 900° C.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes, in sequence, a support, a conductive layer, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer. The conductive layer is a cured film, and the cured film contains titanium oxide particles doped with niobium. The undercoat layer contains a cured product of a composition that contains an electron transport material having a polymerizable functional group and a resin functionalized with a carboxylic acid derivative.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pressure reducing valve includes a spool valve configured to allow or shut off communication between a pilot passage and a pilot pressure supply passage and a solenoid configured to give a thrust according to an intensity of a supplied electric current to the spool valve. The spool valve has a pressure receiving surface configured to generate a thrust in a direction opposite to the thrust by the solenoid by action of a pressure of a pilot pressure supply passage, and an area of the pressure receiving surface is set smaller than a cross sectional area of the spool valve.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support member, an electroconductive layer, and a photosensitive layer, in this order. The electroconductive layer contains a binder resin, electrically conductive first metal oxide particles, and second metal oxide particles. The refractive index Rb of the binder resin, the refractive index Rc of the first metal oxide particles, and the refractive index Rh of the second metal oxide particles satisfy the relationships: |Rb?Rc|?0.35 and |Rb?Rh|?0.65. The electroconductive layer has a volume resistivity of 1.0×106 ?·cm to 1.0×1013 ?·cm, and the ratio of the specific gravity of the first metal oxide particles to the specific gravity of the second metal oxide particles is 0.85 to 1.20.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support member, an electroconductive layer, and a photosensitive layer, in this order. The electroconductive layer contains a binder resin, electrically conductive first metal oxide particles, and second metal oxide particles. The refractive index Rb of the binder resin, the refractive index Rc of the first metal oxide particles, and the refractive index Rh of the second metal oxide particles satisfy the relationships: |Rb?Rc|?0.35 and |Rb?Rh|?0.65. The electroconductive layer has a volume resistivity of 1.0×106 ?·cm to 1.0×1013 ?·cm, and the ratio of the specific gravity of the first metal oxide particles to the specific gravity of the second metal oxide particles is 0.85 to 1.20.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of achieving both high leak resistance and reduction in variations in dark part potential and bright part potential due to repeated use even when CB is used for an electrically conductive layer. An electrophotographic photosensitive member including: a support, an electrically conductive layer, and a photosensitive layer, sequentially, wherein the electrically conductive layer contains a binder resin and carbon black, a number average primary particle diameter of the carbon black is 200 nm or more and 500 nm or less, an average inter-particle distance of the carbon black is 200 nm or more and 600 nm or less, a coefficient of variation of an inter-particle distance is 1.2 or less, and SF-1 of the carbon black is 150 or less.