Abstract: Two El Gamal ciphertexts, which are input to a two-input two-output unit switching gates SW forming a permutation network, are randomized with a random number and randomly permuted, and a zero-knowledge proof, which proves the correspondence between the inputs and outputs of the switching gates SW, is output to a verifier without revealing the random number and the random permutation. A decryption unit decrypts ciphertexts from a unit switching gate SW in he last column through the use of a secret key, and proves in zero-knowledge the validity of the decryption without revealing the secret key. A verification unit verifies the proof of each unit switching gate and the proof of the decryption unit.

Abstract: A voter Vi encrypts his vote content vi with a public key kPC of a counter C, then concatenates the encrypted vote content xi with a tag ti to obtain a ballot zi, then randomizes it with a random number ri to create a preprocessed text ei, and sends it and a signature si therefor to an election administrator A. The administrator A generates a blind signature di for the preprocessed text ei and sends it back to the voter Vi. The voter Vi excludes the influence of the random number ri from the blind signature di to obtain administrator signature yi, and sends vote data <zi, yi> to a counter C. The counter C verifies the validity of the administrator signature yi and, if valid, generates and publishes a vote list containing the data <zi, yi> to the voter Vi. The voter Vi checks the vote list to make sure that it contains the data <zi, yi> with his tag ti held in the ballot zi.

Abstract: A macromolecular material composition which comprises a macromolecular material and a modifier which comprises a polyvinyl cyclohexane compound having hydroindane structure. The modifier improves melt flow characteristics, flexibility at a low temperature, and mechanical characteristics, such as bending modulus and bending strength, of the material, and do not bleed or give bad smell.

Abstract: A method for preparing a trimer of .alpha.-methyl styrene or derivatives thereof, wherein .alpha.-methyl styrene or derivatives thereof is added to an organic solvent comprising Lewis acid is provided. According to the method, the trimer of .alpha.-methyl styrene or derivatives thereof can be obtained in high yield.

Abstract: A brominated 1,3-dimethyl-3-phenyl-1-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl) indane herein disclosed is represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein x and z each independently represents an integer ranging from 0 to 5, y represents an integer ranging from 0 to 4, provided that x+y+z>1). The compound can be prepared by a method which comprises the step of reacting 1,3-dimethyl-3-phenyl-1-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl) indane with a bromination agent. The brominated indane is excellent in flame-resistance, has a high thermal decomposition temperature and never generates brominated dioxine and/or brominated dibenzofuran when burning at a specific temperature. Therefore, the compound is suitably used for imparting flame-resistance to a variety of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins.

Abstract: In a method for implementing traceable electronic cash, a user US sends a bank BK a product N of prime numbers P and Q, a prime number L and his real name ID.sub.U, and the bank BK generates a pseudonym I corresponding to the real name ID.sub.U and keeps the correspondence between the real name ID.sub.U and the pseudonym I secret. The bank BK uses a signature function .OMEGA.=D.sub.eB (N,L,I) to attach a signature to information composed of the above-mentioned N, L and I and sends the user US the signed information .OMEGA. as information containing a license B. The user US generates authentication information X from the N and a random number R and sends the bank BK information Z obtained by performing blind signature preprocessing on information (X,B) with a function F.sub.eC and has the information Z signed by the bank BK with a signature function D.sub.eC (Z) to obtain electronic cash C.

Abstract: A video camera includes a viewfinder through which an operator may view an image of an object to be videoed, a rotatably supported head-carrier cylinder and a capstan for transporting a length of magnetic recording medium. This video camera also includes at least one of first and second detecting units for detecting a change in rotation of the rotary head-carrier cylinder and for detecting a change in rotation of the capstan, respectively, and a determining unit operable to determine, in reference to information supplied from at least one of the first and second detecting units, whether or not a video recording then taking place is in accordance with the will of an operator.

Abstract: An IC card has a card information memory area wherein there are written a master public key nA, card secret keys pU and qU, a card public key nU, a card identification number IDU, and a first master digital signature SA1 for information including the card identification number. An IC card terminal has terminal information memory area wherein there are written a master public key nA, terminal secret keys pT and qT, a terminal public key nT, a terminal identification number IDT, and a second master digital signature SA2 for information including the terminal identification number IDT. When inserted into the IC card terminal, the IC card sends thereto the data nU, IDU, and SA1. The IC card terminal verifies the digital signature SA1 by the master public key nA and, if it is valid, transmits the data nT, IDT and SA2 to the IC card.

Abstract: An IC card has a card information memory area wherein there are written a master public key nA, card secret keys pU and qU, a card public key nU, a card identification number IDU, and a first master digital signature SA1 for information including the card identification number. An IC card terminal has terminal information memory area wherein there are written a master public key nA, terminal secret keys pT and qT, a terminal public key nT, a terminal identification number IDT, and a second master digital signature SA2 for information including the terminal identification number IDT. When inserted into the IC card terminal, the IC card sends thereto the data nU, IDU, and SA1. The IC card terminal verifies the digital signature SA1 by the master public key nA and, if it is valid, transmits the data nT, IDT and SA2 to the IC card.

Abstract: An IC card has a card information memory area wherein there are written a master public key nA, card secret keys pU and qU, a card public key nU, a card identification number IDU, and a first master digital signature SA1 for information including the card identification number. An IC card terminal has terminal information memory area wherein there are written a master public key nA, terminal secret keys pT and qT, a terminal public key nT, a terminal identification number IDT, and a second master digital signature SA2 for information including the terminal identification number IDT. When inserted into the IC card terminal, the IC card sends thereto the data nU, IDU, and SA1. The IC card terminal verifies the digital signature SA1 by the master public key nA and, if it is valid, transmits the data nT, IDT and SA2 to the IC card.

Abstract: A light signal control circuit for an image pick-up apparatus detects a substantially peak value of image pick-up signals by a first level detection circuit, detects a substantially average value of the image pick-up signals by a second level detection circuit, determine a brightness condition of an object by a decision circuit, weights the outputs of the first level detection circuit and the second level detection circuit by a weighting circuit, and controls the amount of light reaching an image pick-up apparatus in accordance with an output of the weighting circuit. Optimum light control corresponding to the brightness condition of the object is attained by controlling the weighting operation in accordance with an output of the decision circuit.

Abstract: A polyamino-bis-maleimide prepolymer solution obtained by the reaction of 1 mol of N,N'-4,4'-diphenyl methane-bis-maleimide with 0.25 to 0.4 mol of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane in an alkyleneglycol monoalkyl ether as a solvent at elevated temperatures. This solution can be impregnated with a substrate to form a prepreg. The prepreg can be laminated to form heat resistant laminate.

Abstract: A polyamino-bis-maleimide prepolymer solution obtained by the reaction of 1 mole of N,N'-4,4'-diphenyl methane-bis-maleimide with 0.25 to 0.4 mol of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane in an alkyleneglycol monoalkyl ether as a solvent at elevated temperatures. This solution can be impregnated with a substrate to form a prepreg. The prepreg can be laminated to form heat resistant laminate.

Abstract: Composite fibrous products such as composite cloth, composite strings, composite knitted goods, etc., produced by using combination yarns obtained by twisting one or more aromatic polyamide continuous filament yarns and one or more continuous glass yarns have high rigidity and excellent reinforcing effects.

Abstract: A curable polyamino-bis-imide resin, obtained by the thermal reaction of:(A) a bis-imide represented by the general formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 stands for a divalent organic group having a carbon-carbon double bond and R.sub.2 for a divalent aromatic organic group having 1 to 3 benzene rings, with(B) a diamine represented by the general formula II: ##STR2## wherein X stands for one member selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO.sub.2, CH.sub.2, CO, COO, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, CF.sub.2 and C(CF.sub.3).sub.2, providing that the three X's may be identical or not identical to one another and the hydrogen atoms attached to the benzene rings may be substituted by an inactive alkyl group, perfluoroalkyl group or halogen atom, a solution thereof, cross-linked resins therefrom and laminated boards therefrom.

Abstract: Copper-clad laminates for printed wiring boards with almost no warpage can be produced continuously without using a solvent by continuously running a continuous, fibrous substrate, supplying partially and intermittently a solventless thermosetting resin mixture to the running substrate, laminating a copper foil at least one surface of the running substrate, pressure molding with heating the copper foil laminated substrate in a mold comprising a pair of flat plates at least one of which has projecting portions tapered to the center of the flat plate at the periphery thereof, taking off and cutting the molded laminate.

Abstract: A laminate produced by molding under heat and pressure a plurality of prepregs obtained by impregnating a resin into a composite fabric, either woven or nonwoven, comprising aromatic polyamide fibers and glass fibers has a low linear expansion coefficient and excellent interlaminar strength.