Abstract: A speaker apparatus includes a pair of left and right speaker blocks that respectively have acoustic output sections and that are arranged inside a backrest. The pair of speaker blocks are arranged horizontally side by side relative to a headrest located on a front surface side of the backrest, and at least part of the headrest is located within a range of a nominal directivity angle of acoustics output from the acoustic output sections. This ensures that, of the acoustics output from the acoustic output section of the speaker block on the left side, at least some acoustics that head for the right ear are blocked by the headrest and that, of the acoustics output from the acoustic output section of the speaker block on the right side, at least some acoustics that head for the left ear are blocked by the headrest.

Abstract: A plurality of exciters that outputs sound in a predetermined frequency band and a plurality of piezoelectric speakers that outputs sound in a frequency band higher than those of the exciters are provided, in which each of the plurality of exciters and the plurality of piezoelectric speakers is arranged in a space between an outer panel of a vehicle body and an interior member or on an inner surface side of the interior member, vibration generated in each of the exciters and the piezoelectric speakers is transmitted to the interior member, and a crossover frequency exists between a high range side in an output band of the exciters and a low range side in an output band of the piezoelectric speakers.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for enhanced welding visualization include splitting incoming light from the welding environment into at least a first optical path and a second optical path having different light levels using at least one beam splitter. Images of the split light having different light levels are captured using a respective imaging sensor. The images from the respective imaging sensors are fused to create a left-eye fused image and a right-eye fused image. The left-eye fused image is displayed on a display at a location of a left eye of a user and the right-eye fused image is displayed on a display at a location of a right eye of the user to provide a parallax-free, high dynamic range, representation of the welding environment.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for enhanced welding visualization include splitting incoming light from the welding environment into at least a first optical path and a second optical path having different light levels using at least one beam splitter. Images of the split light having different light levels are captured using a respective imaging sensor. The images from the respective imaging sensors are fused to create a left-eye fused image and a right-eye fused image. The left-eye fused image is displayed on a display at a location of a left eye of a user and the right-eye fused image is displayed on a display at a location of a right eye of the user to provide a parallax-free, high dynamic range, representation of the welding environment.

Abstract: A valve opening-closing timing control device includes: a driving rotating body that rotates synchronously with a crankshaft; a following rotating body that rotates integrally with a cam shaft; a phase control mechanism that controls changing of relative rotational phases of the driving and following rotating bodies; a torsion coil spring engaged by a front member of the driving rotating body and by the following driving body, and biases the following rotating body in an advance/retarded direction with respect to the driving rotating body. The front member includes multiple bearing surfaces to be attached with countersunk head screws, and an engaging part engaging an end of the torsion coil spring with the torsion coil spring in a twisted state. The engaging part includes a mounting part for a tool with which the end of the torsion coil spring is moved in a direction increasing torsion strength of the torsion coil spring.

Abstract: Even when sliding occurs between a radially extending face of a spring member and at least one of a driving-side rotary member and a driven-side rotary member, wear of the at least one of the driving-side rotary member and the driven-side rotary member is prevented. Along the axial direction of the camshaft, a torsion spring is provided between the driven-side rotary member and a housing side face portion for urging the relative rotational phase to the angle advancing direction or the angle retarding direction, and a spring washer is disposed between the driven-side rotary member and the torsion spring.

Abstract: Provided is a valve timing control apparatus that allows relaxation of manufacturing precision of a driving-side rotary member and a driven-side rotary member and that achieves space saving at the same time. An urging member includes at least one trough-folded portion and at least one crest-folded portion, one end side contact portion formed between one terminal end of the urging member and the trough-folded portion and coming into contact with a sealing element, and other end side contact portion formed between the other terminal end of the urging member and the crest-folded portion and coming into contact with a partitioning portion. In association with urging of the urging member, the distance between the one end side contact portion and the other end side contact portion along the urging direction is decreased and the angles of the trough-folded portion and the crest-folded portion are decreased.

Abstract: A valve timing control device includes a driving rotary element synchronously rotatable with a crankshaft; a driven rotary element mounted coaxially with the driving rotary element and synchronously rotatable with a camshaft; a plurality of partitions provided in the driven rotary element each for dividing a fluid pressure chamber formed between the driving rotary element and the driven rotary element into a regarded angle chamber and an advanced angle chamber; and a connecting element for connecting the driven rotary element to the camshaft. The connecting element includes a flange inserted into a recess formed in the driven rotatory element, and a shaft portion inserted into a through bore formed in a wall of the driving rotary element adjacent to the camshaft. The flange has an outer diameter larger than that of the shaft portion, and is disposed between the driven rotary element and the wall.

Abstract: A valve timing control device that enables simplification of the manufacturing process and reduction of the number of parts while suppressing deformation of a driven rotary element. The valve timing control device includes a driving rotary element, a driven rotary element, a plurality of partitions each for dividing a fluid pressure chamber into a regarded angle chamber and an advanced angle chamber, and a connecting element for connecting the driven rotary element to a camshaft. The connecting element includes a press fitting portion having a plurality of fitting segments configured to fit to an inner circumference of a recess of the driven rotary element. At least one of centerlines of the fitting segments extending in a radial direction does not overlap any of the partitions.

Abstract: A valve timing control apparatus includes a drive-side rotation member synchronously rotating with a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, a driven-side rotation member integrally rotating with a camshaft, a rotational phase adjusting device including a retarded angle chamber and an advanced angle chamber, the rotational phase adjusting device adjusting the relative rotational phase between the drive-side rotation member and the driven-side rotation member, and a boss member provided at a portion of the driven-side rotation member facing an outer wall surface of the internal combustion engine and including a thrust surface that extends to be perpendicular to a rotational axis of the camshaft and that is exposed to the outer wall surface of the internal combustion engine. The boss member causes the drive-side rotation member to be prevented from making contact with the outer wall surface by making contact with the outer wall surface of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A valve opening-closing timing control device includes: a driving rotating body that rotates synchronously with a crankshaft; a following rotating body that rotates integrally with a cam shaft; a phase control mechanism that controls changing of relative rotational phases of the driving and following rotating bodies; a torsion coil spring engaged by a front member of the driving rotating body and by the following driving body, and biases the following rotating body in an advance/retarded direction with respect to the driving rotating body. The front member includes multiple bearing surfaces to be attached with countersunk head screws, and an engaging part engaging an end of the torsion coil spring with the torsion coil spring in a twisted state. The engaging part includes a mounting part for a tool with which the end of the torsion coil spring is moved in a direction increasing torsion strength of the torsion coil spring.

Abstract: A valve timing control device includes a driving rotary element synchronously rotatable with a crankshaft; a driven rotary element mounted coaxially with the driving rotary element and synchronously rotatable with a camshaft; a plurality of partitions provided in the driven rotary element each for dividing a fluid pressure chamber formed between the driving rotary element and the driven rotary element into a regarded angle chamber and an advanced angle chamber; and a connecting element for connecting the driven rotary element to the camshaft. The connecting element includes a flange inserted into a recess formed in the driven rotatory element, and a shaft portion inserted into a through bore formed in a wall of the driving rotary element adjacent to the camshaft. The flange has an outer diameter larger than that of the shaft portion, and is disposed between the driven rotary element and the wall.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus, includes a drive-side rotary member, a driven-side rotary member, a partition portion arranged at least one of the drive-side rotary member and the driven-side rotary member to partition a fluid pressure chamber into an advanced angle chamber and a retarded angle chamber, a seal member arranged at a portion of the partition portion, which faces the other one of the drive-side rotary member and the driven-side rotary member, the seal member avoiding a hydraulic fluid from leaking between the advanced angle chamber and the retarded angle chamber, and a biasing member biasing the seal member, wherein at least one of the partition portion and a facing surface of the other one of the drive-side rotary member and the driven-side rotary member facing the partition portion is defined by an inclined surface of a tapered portion.

Abstract: A valve timing control device that enables simplification of the manufacturing process and reduction of the number of parts while suppressing deformation of a driven rotary element. The valve timing control device includes a driving rotary element, a driven rotary element, a plurality of partitions each for dividing a fluid pressure chamber into a regarded angle chamber and an advanced angle chamber, and a connecting element for connecting the driven rotary element to a camshaft. The connecting element includes a press fitting portion having a plurality of fitting segments configured to fit to an inner circumference of a recess of the driven rotary element. At least one of centerlines of the fitting segments extending in a radial direction does not overlap any of the partitions.

Abstract: Provided is a valve timing control apparatus that allows relaxation of manufacturing precision of a driving-side rotary member and a driven-side rotary member and that achieves space saving at the same time. An urging member includes at least one trough-folded portion and at least one crest-folded portion, one end side contact portion formed between one terminal end of the urging member and the trough-folded portion and coming into contact with a sealing element, and other end side contact portion formed between the other terminal end of the urging member and the crest-folded portion and coming into contact with a partitioning portion. In association with urging of the urging member, the distance between the one end side contact portion and the other end side contact portion along the urging direction is decreased and the angles of the trough-folded portion and the crest-folded portion are decreased.

Abstract: Even when sliding occurs between a radially extending face of a spring member and at least one of a driving-side rotary member and a driven-side rotary member, wear of the at least one of the driving-side rotary member and the driven-side rotary member is prevented. Along the axial direction of the camshaft, a torsion spring is provided between the driven-side rotary member and a housing side face portion for urging the relative rotational phase to the angle advancing direction or the angle retarding direction, and a spring washer is disposed between the driven-side rotary member and the torsion spring.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus, includes a drive-side rotary member, a driven-side rotary member, a partition portion arranged at least one of the drive-side rotary member and the driven-side rotary member to partition a fluid pressure chamber into an advanced angle chamber and a retarded angle chamber, a seal member arranged at a portion of the partition portion, which faces the other one of the drive-side rotary member and the driven-side rotary member, the seal member avoiding a hydraulic fluid from leaking between the advanced angle chamber and the retarded angle chamber, and a biasing member biasing the seal member, wherein at least one of the partition portion and a facing surface of the other one of the drive-side rotary member and the driven-side rotary member facing the partition portion is defined by an inclined surface of a tapered portion.

Abstract: A valve timing control apparatus includes a drive-side rotation member synchronously rotating with a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, a driven-side rotation member integrally rotating with a camshaft, a rotational phase adjusting device including a retarded angle chamber and an advanced angle chamber, the rotational phase adjusting device adjusting the relative rotational phase between the drive-side rotation member and the driven-side rotation member, and a boss member provided at a portion of the driven-side rotation member facing an outer wall surface of the internal combustion engine and including a thrust surface that extends to be perpendicular to a rotational axis of the camshaft and that is exposed to the outer wall surface of the internal combustion engine. The boss member causes the drive-side rotation member to be prevented from making contact with the outer wall surface by making contact with the outer wall surface of the internal combustion engine.