Abstract: A vehicle drive device and a control method therefor are provided. The vehicle drive device includes: a power source including a first rotating electrical machine; a second rotating electrical machine; a differential unit including three rotating elements to which a first output shaft, a second output shaft, and the second rotating electrical machine are connected; and an electronic control device. The electronic control device regeneratively controls the first rotating electrical machine and the second rotating electrical machine in such a manner that negative torque is applied to the first output shaft and the second output shaft, when performing regenerative control by the second rotating electrical machine in a drive mode in which torque from the power source is distributed to the first output shaft and the second output shaft by controlling torque of the second rotating electrical machine during deceleration of a vehicle.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder in which an air-fuel mixture of gaseous fuel and intake air is combusted, an intake passage connected to the cylinder, and a supercharger for supercharging the intake air, in a case where backfire is generated in a set period before supercharging is performed by the supercharger, supercharging is performed at a smaller supercharging pressure than in a case where backfire is not generated in the set period.

Abstract: A four-wheel drive vehicle includes: a drive-power distribution device for distributing a drive power from an engine to main and auxiliary drive wheels with a drive-power distribution ratio between the main drive wheels and auxiliary drive wheels; and a control apparatus for controlling an electric motor such that the drive-power distribution ratio becomes a target distribution ratio value, by setting an electric-current command value for driving an electric motor. The control apparatus is configured, in a drive-power transmitted state in which the drive power is transmitted to the drive-power distribution device, to execute a command-value reduction control operation for causing the electric motor to be driven with the electric-current command value being set to a value smaller than in a drive-power non-transmitted state in which the drive power is not being transmitted to the drive-power distribution device.

Abstract: A vehicle control device includes a processor and memory. The memory stores relation-defining data for defining a relation between a state of a vehicle and an action variable that is a variable relating to operations of a transmission installed in the vehicle. The processor is configured to execute acquisition processing, operation processing, reward calculation processing, updating processing, counting processing, and limiting processing. The processor is configured to output the relation-defining data updated so that an expected income is increased when the transmission is operated following the relation-defining data, based on an updating map.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member with suppressed positive ghosts, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and a photosensitive layer on the support; the photosensitive layer comprises (?) a compound represented by the formula (1), and (?) at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula (2) and a compound represented by the formula (3), wherein a content of the (?) with respect to a content of the (?) is 50 to 850 mass ppm in the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A regenerative torque upper limit is set to a larger value when a rear-wheel distribution ratio is small than when the rear-wheel distribution ratio is large. Accordingly, when a distribution of a drive power to front wheels is large, a regenerative torque of a second rotary machine can be increased such that wheels are less likely to slip at the time of performing of regeneration control when the distribution of the drive power to the front wheels is small in comparison with a case in which the regenerative torque upper limit is set to a constant value similarly to when the distribution of the drive power to the front wheels is small. In this way, it is possible to increase the regenerative torque of the second rotary machine according to the rear-wheel distribution ratio.

Abstract: A vehicle including an internal combustion engine and an automatic transmission capable of transmitting and receiving torque to and from an output shaft of the internal combustion engine is controlled. During operation of the internal combustion engine, a process that calculates a diluted water amount based on an operation state of the internal combustion engine is executed. The diluted water amount is the amount of water contained in lubricating oil in the internal combustion engine. Further, a process that controls the automatic transmission such that torque per unit period in the internal combustion engine becomes smaller when the diluted water amount is relatively large compared to when the diluted water amount is relatively small, while continuing the operation of the internal combustion engine, is executed.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder in which an air-fuel mixture of gaseous fuel and intake air is combusted, an intake passage connected to the cylinder, and a supercharger for supercharging the intake air, in a case where backfire is generated in a set period before supercharging is performed by the supercharger, supercharging is performed at a smaller supercharging pressure than in a case where backfire is not generated in the set period.

Abstract: A drive apparatus for vehicle comprising a first power source, a first output rotating member, a second output rotating member, a second power source, a differential device, a first engagement device, a second engagement device, and a control device. The control device establishes, as drive modes driving a vehicle, a first drive mode controlling a torque distribution ratio between front wheels and rear wheels by putting the vehicle in all-wheel drive state by power from the second power source while controlling the first engagement device to be in slip state with the second engagement device kept in engaged state, and a second drive mode putting the vehicle in all-wheel drive state by power from the first power source while fixing the torque distribution ratio with both the first engagement device and the second engagement device kept in engaged state.

Abstract: The process cartridge is a process cartridge to be removably mounted onto a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge including: an electrophotographic photosensitive member; a toner; and a developing member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer that is a polymerized film of a composition containing at least one kind of monofunctional (meth)acrylic compound selected from the group consisting of: a monofunctional (meth)acrylic monomer; and a monofunctional (meth)acrylic oligomer, and at least one kind of tri- or higher functional (meth)acrylic compound selected from the group consisting of: a tri- or higher functional (meth)acrylic monomer; and a tri- or higher functional (meth)acrylic oligomer, wherein the toner contains a toner particle and a hydrotalcite particle as an external additive, and wherein the hydrotalcite particle contains fluorine in filter fitting analysis of STEM-EDS analysis.

Abstract: Provided is a process cartridge removably mountable onto a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a toner, and a developing member configured to supply the toner to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein, in filter fitting analysis in STEM-EDS analysis, a hydrotalcite particle comprises fluorine, and wherein, when a number-average primary particle diameter of a particle A is represented by “m” [nm], a content ratio of the particle A with respect to the surface layer is represented by “p” [vol %], and a number-average primary particle diameter of the hydrotalcite particle is represented by “h” [nm], the “m”, the “p”, and the “h” satisfy the following expressions, respectively: 5?m?300??Expression (1); 5?p?40??Expression (2); and 60?h?1,000??Expression (3).

Abstract: A process cartridge detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge including an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a toner, and a developing member that feeds the toner to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer containing a (meth)acrylic resin having a urethane structure, the toner includes a toner particle and a hydrotalcite particle as an external additive, and the hydrotalcite particle contains fluorine in filter fitting analysis in STEM-EDS analysis.

Abstract: A process cartridge which allows any spot and stripe as image defects to be suppressed is provided. A process cartridge, in which an electroconductive layer of a charging member has a matrix including a first rubber, and domains dispersed in the matrix, the domains include a second rubber and an electron electroconductive agent, at least some of the domains are exposed on a surface of the charging member, when a volume resistivity of the matrix is 105 times or more a volume resistivity of the domains, a protective layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a metal oxide particle, and when a number average primary particle size of the metal oxide particle is defined as Sm and an average value of equivalent circle diameters of the domains is defined as Sd, the Sd/Sm satisfies the following expression (1): 0.5<Sd/Sm<100 . . . expression (1).

Abstract: There is provided a process cartridge detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge including an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging member, wherein an outer surface of the charging member is composed of at least a matrix and at least a part of domains, a volume resistivity of the matrix is 1.0×105 times or more of a volume resistivity of the domain, an average value Sd of circle equivalent diameters of the domains observed on the outer surface of the charging member is in a predetermined range, the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a support, a photosensitive layer, and a protective layer in this order and when a surface roughness of the protective layer is measured, each of a protruding valley portion Rvk, a load length ratio Mr2, and Sd/Rvk is in a predetermined range.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that suppresses electric potential fluctuations in repeated use. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer, in this order, wherein the photosensitive layer includes a compound having a structure represented by formula (1), and the protective layer includes a resin having a structure represented by formula (2) and a structure represented by formula (3).

Abstract: A vehicle drive apparatus includes: a sleeve including a first peripheral surface provided side by side with a spline; a connecting member including a groove provided side by side with a spline in spline engagement with the spline, recessed radially relative to the first peripheral surface, and including a bottom surface that serves as a second peripheral surface facing the first peripheral surface; and a tolerance ring disposed in the groove so as to exert a radial elastic force between the sleeve and the connecting member.

Abstract: There is provided a process cartridge detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge including an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging member, wherein an outer surface of the charging member is composed of at least a matrix and at least a part of domains, a volume resistivity of the matrix is 1.0×105 times or more of a volume resistivity of the domain, an average value Sd of circle equivalent diameters of the domains observed on the outer surface of the charging member is in a predetermined range, the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a support, a photosensitive layer, and a protective layer in this order and when a surface roughness of the protective layer is measured, each of a protruding valley portion Rvk, a load length ratio Mr2, and Sd/Rvk is in a predetermined range.

Abstract: A process cartridge which allows any spot and stripe as image defects to be suppressed is provided. A process cartridge, in which an electroconductive layer of a charging member has a matrix including a first rubber, and domains dispersed in the matrix, the domains include a second rubber and an electron electroconductive agent, at least some of the domains are exposed on a surface of the charging member, when a volume resistivity of the matrix is 105 times or more a volume resistivity of the domains, a protective layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a metal oxide particle, and when a number average primary particle size of the metal oxide particle is defined as Sm and an average value of equivalent circle diameters of the domains is defined as Sd, the Sd/Sm satisfies the following expression (1): 0.5<Sd/Sm<100 . . . expression (1).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a protective layer wherein the density unevenness among output images is reduced with abrasion resistance maintained is provided. The present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order, wherein the protective layer has a triarylamine structure and a cyclic structure represented by the formula (1) or (2): and an A value expressed by expression (4), A=S1/S2, wherein, in expression (4), S1 is a peak area based on in-plane deformation vibration of terminal olefin (CH2?), and S2 is a peak area based on stretching vibration of C?O among peak areas of a spectrum obtained by measuring a surface of the protective layer by total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using Ge as an internal reflection element and using a measurement condition of 45° as an incidence angle is from 0.065 to 0.100.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer above a support in this order includes: forming a coating film for a protective layer by coating a coating liquid for the protective layer for forming the protective layer on the photosensitive layer and curing the coating film for the protective layer, in which the coating liquid for the protective layer contains a solvent, a compound represented by a general formula (1), a compound represented by a general formula (2), and a compound represented by a general formula (3) at a specific ratio. In addition, in an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer above a support in this order, the protective layer is obtained by curing a coating liquid for the protective layer.