Abstract: It is intended to provide compositions to be used in resists and the like for forming fine patterns with a high sensitivity and a high resolution by increasing the difference in the solubilities between exposed parts and unexposed parts. Acid-degradable compositions contain a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-20 hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group, a cyano group, a nitro group, C(?O)R4 group, S(O)nR4 group, P(?O)(R4)2 group or M(R4)3 group; R3 represents C1-20 hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group: R4 represents C1-20 hydrocarbonoxy group, C1-20 hydrocarbon group, C1-20 hydrocarbonthio group or mono- or di-C1-20 hydrocarbonamino group; M represents a silicon, germanium, tin or lead atom; and n is 0, 1 or 2, and an acid or a compound capable of generating an acid in response to an external stimulus.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid in high yield and highly selectively by subjecting methacrolein, isobutylaldehyde or isobutyric acid to gas phase catalytic oxidation, and the preparation method thereof. The catalyst contains Mo, V, P, Cu, Cs and NH4 as the essential, active components, and the feature is to use for preparing the catalyst a cesium weak acid salt or cesium hydroxide as the Cs raw material and ammonium acetate as the NH4 raw material. A coated catalyst of the present invention is obtainable by supporting the active component on an inert carrier of alumina or the like.

Abstract: An erasable ink composition comprising water, a water-soluble organic solvent, and the following colorant, colorless resin particles and shear-thinning, viscosity-adjustment agent, characterized in that the colorless resin particles have a mean particle diameter smaller than that of the colorant and are contained in an amount larger than that of the colorant: (a) 3 to wt % (based on the whole ink) of colorless resin particles which are made of at least one resin selected from among acrylic resins, urethane resins, silicone resins and melamine resins and have a mean particle diameter of 0.10 to 10 ?m, (b) 1 to 40 wt % (based on the whole ink) of a colorant having a mean particle diameter of 2 ?m or above, and (c) 0.01 to 4 wt % (based on the whole ink) of a shear thinning, viscosity-adjustment agent.

Abstract: It is intended to provide compositions to be used in resists and the like for forming fine patterns with a high sensitivity and a high resolution by increasing the difference in the solubilities between exposed parts and unexposed parts. Acid-degradable compositions contain a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-20 hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group, a cyano group, a nitro group, C(?O)R4 group, S(O)nR4 group, P(?O)(R4)2 group or M(R4)3 group; R3 represents C1-20 hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group: R4 represents C1-20 hydrocarbonoxy group, C1-20 hydrocarbon group, C1-20 hydrocarbonthio group or mono- or di-C1-20 hydrocarbonamino group; M represents a silicon, germanium, tin or lead atom; and n is 0, 1 or 2, and an acid or a compound capable of generating an acid in response to an external stimulus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid by the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein, comprising Mo, V, P and Cu as the indispensable active components, wherein copper acetate is used for all or a part of the necessary amount of a material for said Cu, a coated catalyst and a method for manufacturing the coated catalyst, and methacrolein is reacted in a high conversion and methacrylic acid is produced in a high selectivity by use of the catalyst of the present invention, and the catalyst can be used for reaction under high loading condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid by the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein, comprising Mo, V, P and Cu as the indispensable active components, wherein copper acetate is used for all or a part of the necessary amount of a material for said Cu, a coated catalyst and a method for manufacturing the coated catalyst, and methacrolein is reacted in a high conversion and methacrylic acid is produced in a high selectivity by use of the catalyst of the present invention, and the catalyst can be used for reaction under high loading condition.

Abstract: The main object is to provide a water-based ink composition which is not only superior in hiding power but also has satisfactory writing properties. This invention relates to a water-based ink composition comprising a powder consisting of inorganic particles comprising at least one of aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide and boron nitride and water.

Abstract: The main object is to provide a water-based ink composition which is not only superior in hiding power but also has satisfactory writing properties. This invention relates to a water-based ink composition comprising a powder consisting of inorganic particles comprising at least one of aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide and boron nitride and water.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for producing acrolein and acrylic acid by carrying out vapor phase catalytic oxidation of propylene with molecular oxygen or a gas containing molecular oxygen using a oxidation catalysts comprising Mo, Bi and Fe as an essentially element and a fixed bed multitubular reactor, which comprisesa) using a plurality of supported catalysts having different activities, which was obtained, for example, by different calcination method in the production process of the supported catalysts,b) setting a catalyst layer in a reaction tube, which is formed by dividing it into plural portions in the tube axial direction, andc) arranging the aforementioned plural supported catalysts in such order that the activity becomes high toward the outlet from the inlet of the material gas in the reaction tube axial direction.

Abstract: A simple and excellent process for the regeneration of heteropolyacid catalysts can be provided. A heteropolyacid catalyst, e.g. a phosphomolybdic acid catalyst, whose activity has been lowered can be regenerated by dissolving and/or suspending it in an aqueous medium and then treating with an inorganic ion-exchange material, e.g. crystalline antimonic acid.

Abstract: A catalyst having a heteropoly-acid structure and the general formula:Mo.sub.a V.sub.b P.sub.c Cu.sub.d X.sub.e O.sub.fwherein Mo, V, P, Cu and O represent respectively molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus, copper and oxygen, X represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of tin, thorium, germanium, nickel, iron, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, titanium, lead, rhenium, zirconium, and chromium, and a, b, c, d, e and f represent the atomic ratio of the elements where,a is 10b is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0,c is a number of 0.5 to 3,d is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0,e is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0,f is a number determined depending on the valency and atomic ratio of other elements.There is also provided a process for producing methacrylic acid by oxidizing methacrolein with molecular oxygen or molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst defined above.

Abstract: A catalyst having a heteropoly-acid structure and the general formula:Mo.sub.a V.sub.b P.sub.c Cu.sub.d X.sub.e O.sub.fwherein Mo, V, P, Cu and O represent respectively molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus, copper and oxygen, X represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of tin, thorium, germanium, nickel, iron, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, titanium, lead, rhenium, zirconium and chromium and a, b, c, d, e and f represent the atomic ratio of the elements where,a is 10b is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0,c is a number of 0.5 to 3,d is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0,e is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0,f is a number determined depending on the valency and atomic ratio of other elements.There is also provided a process for producing methacrylic acid by oxidizing methacrolein with molecular oxygen or molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst defined above.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and catalyst for producing methacrylic acid by the oxidation of methacrolein. More specifically, it relates to a process for producing methacrylic acid from methacrolein by oxidizing the same with molecular oxygen or molecular oxygen-containing gas, which is characterized by the use of a composition, as a catalyst, having a heteropolyacid structure and the general formula:Mo.sub.a V.sub.b P.sub.c Al.sub.d Y.sub.e O.sub.fwherein Mo, V, P, Al and O represent respectively molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus, aluminum and oxygen, Y represents one or more elements selected from the groups consisting of copper, tine, cobalt, iron, zirconium, thorium, lead and cerium, and suffixes a, b, c, d, e and f represent the atomic ratio of the elements where, a is 10, b is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0 and, preferably, 0.5 to 2, c is a number of 0.5 to 10 and, preferably, 0.5 to 3, d is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0, preferably, 0.01 to 1.