Abstract: A system for checking a program memory) of a processing unit includes a check module, and the processing unit is made up of an instruction counter connected to the check module. The check module has a register connected to a first changeover switch that sets the register content. In a system that allows for the instruction addresses of the entire program memory to be checked, the instruction counter contains an ancillary counter, which runs through the instruction address space of the program memory independently of the program code during normal operation and which is connected to the register.

Abstract: In a method for detecting a rolling motion of a wheel in a motor vehicle, a wheel acceleration variable characterizing a wheel acceleration is recorded using at least one sensor element, the wheel acceleration variable is scanned at various scanning points in time, and the presence of a rolling motion is detected with the aid of the scanned values. The wheel acceleration variable is scanned in a cycle, including at least three scanning points in time, of nonequidistant points in time.

Abstract: In a method for ascertaining a rotational direction of a rotating body, one rotational direction and one rotational speed value which indicates the rotational frequency of the rotating body are ascertained in each of multiple measurements. The rotational speed values of the multiple measurements are compared to each other, and a rotational direction of the rotating body is ascertained from the measured rotational directions and the comparison of the rotational speed values.

Abstract: A method and a device are described for determining the rotational direction and/or rotational speed of a rotatable body on the basis of a sine signal and cosine signal, which is assignable to the rotational direction and/or rotational speed of the rotatable body and are output by a sensor, having at least one of the following steps: recording a sine signal and cosine signal, which is assignable to the rotational direction and/or rotational speed, at a point in time; determining a phase value from the sine signal and cosine signal; recording sine signals and cosine signals, which is assignable to the rotational direction and/or rotational speed, at points in time; determining phase values from the corresponding sine signals and cosine signals; calculating phase differences from the phase values and the phase value; and determining the rotational direction and/or rotational speed from the phase differences on the basis of a Vernier method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for unambiguously determining a physical parameter ? using m phase-measured values ?i with 1?i?m, whereby the phase-measured values ?i have different, integer periodicity values ni and an integer periodicity difference (a) with ?n>1 within an unambiguous range E of the physical parameter ?. A value T with (b) and (c) is calculated based on the phase-measured values ?i and the periodicity values ni thereof, and, within a reduced unambiguous range Ered with (d), a value V is allocated to the value T by allocation according to (e), wherein TUk stands for a respective lower limit and TOk for a respective upper limit of T. The allocation intervals between the upper (TOk) and the lower limits (TUk) for T, as wells as the distances (f) correspond at least to the periodicity difference ?n. In order to determine the physical parameter ?, value V is added up with the phase-measured values ?i in a weighted manner.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow sensor, in particular for determining the flow velocity of a medium flowing through a pipeline, has at least one ultrasonic converter for transmitting and/or receiving ultrasonic signals, an oscillator, which is connected with the ultrasonic converter, and an evaluation unit, which determines a phase shift of the ultrasonic signal that was received, with respect to a reference signal. The evaluation unit includes a plurality of quadrature demodulators, which operate with different demodulation frequencies and each determine phase information about the ultrasonic signal that was received, and when a vernier unit is provided, which determines—based on the individual pieces of phase information—a phase angle or a quantity proportional thereto.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for unambiguously determining a physical parameter ? using m phase-measured values ?i with 1?i?m, whereby the phase-measured values ?i have different, integer periodicity values ni and an integer periodicity difference (a) with ?n>1 within an unambiguous range E of the physical parameter ?. A value T with (b) and (c) is calculated based on the phase-measured values ?i and the periodicity values ni thereof, and, within a reduced unambiguous range Ered with (d), a value V is allocated to the value T by allocation according to (e), wherein TUk stands for a respective lower limit and TOk for a respective upper limit of T. The allocation intervals between the upper (TOk) and the lower limits (TUk) for T, as wells as the distances (f) correspond at least to the periodicity difference ?n. In order to determine the physical parameter ?, value V is added up with the C phase-measured values ?i in a weighted manner.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow sensor, in particular for determining the flow velocity of a medium flowing through a pipeline, has at least one ultrasonic converter for transmitting and/or receiving ultrasonic signals, an oscillator, which is connected with the ultrasonic converter, and an evaluation unit, which determines a phase shift of the ultrasonic signal that was received, with respect to a reference signal. The evaluation unit includes a plurality of quadrature demodulators, which operate with different demodulation frequencies and each determine phase information about the ultrasonic signal that was received, and when a vernier unit is provided, which determines—based on the individual pieces of phase information—a phase angle or a quantity proportional thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a circuit arrangement for evaluating phase signals for determining an angle or a path of a linearly or rotationally displaced component, whereby a number (N) of measured phase values (?), produced by scanning at least one phase sensor arrangement on the linearly or rotatably displaced component by means of an assigned sensor, are evaluated. According to the invention, once the measured phase values (?) have been transformed with a matrix (M1), a quality level (R) is determined by producing a vector (T) followed by the result of a quantization operation (V) regarding the vector (T). Once a transformation has been carried out with a further matrix (M4), a further vector (X) is produced from the difference (t) between the vector (T) and the result of the quantization operation (V), coefficients (Cj) and (Dj) being applied to the components (xj) of said other vector, and the quality level (R) is derived therefrom.

Abstract: A method for optical measuring data acquisition of a component that moves in a rotary or translatory manner, in particular for optical angle, torque, or distance measurement, includes generation of a first pair of periodic line patterns extending in the movement direction of the component and a second pair of periodic line patterns extending in the movement direction of the component, which each have m periods, in particular n+1 periods, over the movement range of the moving component determination of respective phases of the line patterns of the first pair and of the second pair, determination of the phase position of the first pair of line patterns on the basis of the phases and of the second pair of line patterns on the basis of the phases, and determination of the position of the component on the basis of the phase positions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a circuit arrangement for evaluating phase signals for determining an angle or a path of a linearly or rotationally displaced component, whereby a number (N) of measured phase values (?), produced by scanning at least one phase sensor arrangement on the linearly or rotatably displaced component by means of an assigned sensor, are evaluated. According to the invention, once the measured phase values (?) have been transformed with a matrix (M1), a quality level (R) is determined by producing a vector (T) followed by the result of a quantization operation (V) regarding the vector (T). Once a transformation has been carried out with a further matrix (M4), a further vector (X) is produced from the difference (t) between the vector (T) and the result of the quantization operation (V), coefficients (Cj) and (Dj) being applied to the components (xj) of said other vector, and the quality level (R) is derived therefrom.

Abstract: A device for measuring an angle and/or the torque acting on a rotatable body is proposed according to the invention, whereby the rotational angle is detected by means of magnetic or optical sensors. In particular, in a preferred exemplary embodiment, two devices (7, 8) are proposed, each of which comprises two optically readable code tracks. The two code tracks (1a, 1b or 2a, 2b) on one device (7 or 8) are similar in design and are offset in relation to each other, so that associated sensors (4) output a digital signal. The rotational angle is calculated based on the lag between the two digital signals. In a further embodiment it is provided that a torsion element (5) having a known torsional stiffness is situated between the two devices (7, 8). Torque transferred by the rotatable body (3) can also be calculated therefore from the angular difference of the two devices 7, 8. The device is used preferably in the steering axle of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A method for determining a rotation angle or a path, with the following steps: measurement of at least two phase values &agr;1, &agr;2 through the scanning of sensors that are associated with the respective phase values and have different periodicities, calculation of a working value k, which can be represented as a whole number, on the basis of the measured phase values &agr;1 and the periodicities ni associated with them, calculation of at least two scaled estimates &phgr;s1/2&pgr; on the basis of the phase values &agr;i, the periodicities ni, the working value k, and integral working factors ki that set the periodicities ni in relation to one another in a scaling relation, and weighted summation of the scaled estimates &phgr;s1/2&pgr; in order to obtain a determined estimate &PHgr;meas/2&pgr;.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for determining a rotation angle or distance by evaluating a multitude of phase measurement values. By means of a linear transformation A, the phase values measured in an N-dimensional space are projected into N-1 new signals Si. These signals Si are transformed by a quantizing device into corresponding integer values Wi and converted into N real values Zi by means of a linear projection C. These values have weighted phase measurement values &agr;i added to them in modulo 2&pgr; fashion, which yields N estimates for the angle &phgr; to be measured. The N estimates are corrected if needed at their skip points and are added up in a weighted fashion, taking into account their phase angle.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for determining a rotation angle (&PHgr;) and/or an angular difference (&dgr;) in a divided shaft (3), which has a number of phase tracks (1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b) disposed on it, which are provided with codes. Via an evaluation unit, each group of tracks (1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b) supplies a phase signal (&agr;1, &agr;2), which is respectively ambiguous with regard to a rotation of the shaft (3). The at least two phase signals (&agr;1, &agr;2) are added up in a weighted fashion to produce a signal S from which the integer portion and the non-integer portion are calculated. The non-integer portion is proportional to the angular difference (&dgr;) between the two track groups. The torque (M) is determined through multiplication with the spring rate of an interposed torque rod. The unambiguous torque (&PHgr;) is determined from the integer portion of the signal (S) and a phase value (&agr;1) or (&agr;2) with the aid of a weighted addition.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for determining a rotation angle or distance by evaluating a multitude of phase measurement values. By means of a linear transformation A, the phase values measured in an N-dimensional space are projected into N-1 new signals Si. These signals Si are transformed by a quantizing device into corresponding integer values Wi and converted into N real values Zi by means of a linear projection C. These values have weighted phase measurement values &agr;i added to them in modulo 2&pgr; fashion, which yields N estimates for the angle &phgr; to be measured. The N estimates are corrected if needed at their skip points and are added up in a weighted fashion, taking into account their phase angle.

Abstract: A method for optical measuring data acquisition of a component that moves in a rotatory or translatory manner, in particular for optical angle, torque, or distance measurement, with the following steps:

Abstract: A method for determining a rotation angle or a path, with the following steps:

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for determining a rotation angle (&PHgr;) and/or an angular difference (&dgr;) in a divided shaft (3), which has a number of phase tracks (1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b) disposed on it, which are provided with codes. Via an evaluation unit, each group of tracks (1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b) supplies a phase signal (&agr;1, &agr;2), which is respectively ambiguous with regard to a rotation of the shaft (3). The at least two phase signals (&agr;1, &agr;2) are added up in a weighted fashion to produce a signal S from which the integer portion and the non-integer portion are calculated. The non-integer portion is proportional to the angular difference (&dgr;) between the two track groups. The torque (M) is determined through multiplication with the spring rate of an interposed torque rod. The unambiguous torque (&PHgr;) is determined from the integer portion of the signal (S) and a phase value (&agr;1) or (&agr;2) with the aid of a weighted addition.

Abstract: A device for measuring an angle and/or the torque acting on a rotatable body is proposed according to the invention, whereby the rotational angle is detected by means of magnetic or optical sensors. In particular, in a preferred exemplary embodiment, two devices (7, 8) are proposed, each of which comprises two optically readable code tracks. The two code tracks (1a, 1b or 2a, 2b) on one device (7 or 8) are similar in design and are offset in relation to each other, so that associated sensors (4) output a digital signal. The rotational angle is calculated based on the lag between the two digital signals. In a further embodiment it is provided that a torsion element (5) having a known torsional stiffness is situated between the two devices (7, 8). Torque transferred by the rotatable body (3) can also be calculated therefore from the angular difference of the two devices 7, 8. The device is used preferably in the steering axle of a motor vehicle.