Abstract: A split gateway hub for a bent-leg communication system is disclosed. The gateway hub includes: a modulator to modulate a bit stream into a signal to be transmitted to a remote terminal via a radio frequency (RF) signal; a Time Synchronization Application (TSA), geographically co-located with the modulator, to provide timing reference and synchronization to the remote terminal; a network access component to provide traffic for the bit stream; and an Inroute Group Manager (IGM) to manage the traffic to and from the remote terminal. In the split gateway hub, the IGM is disposed geographically remote from either the TSA or from the network access component, and the bent-leg communication system uses a satellite or a High Attitude Platform (HAP) for relaying the RF signal.

Abstract: A numerically controlled oscillator includes a phase accumulator that outputs a phase word and a clock that periodically outputs a clock signal in accordance with a delay interval. The phase accumulator outputs a new phase word in response to receiving the clock signal. A clock controller calculates a timing drift and adjusts the delay interval to reduce the timing drift. A method includes receiving a plurality of frequency control words, calculating a delay interval, accumulating the frequency control words in accordance with the delay interval to generate a phase word, converting the phase word to a waveform, calculating a timing drift, and adjusting the delay interval to reduce the timing drift.

Abstract: A system includes an antenna and a receiver. The antenna receives an encoded satellite signal having a plurality of frames. The receiver receives the satellite signal from the antenna and iteratively processes each frame a predetermined number of times. The number of times the frame is processed is based at least on part on a characteristic of the frame. Moreover, the receiver terminates frame processing earlier if a condition, associated with the processing of the frame, exists. An example receiver includes a decoder that decodes the satellite signal and extracts data from at least one frame by iteratively processing each frame the predetermined number of times. The receiver further includes a controller that generates a control signal representing the predetermined number of times the decoder is to iteratively process each frame. The controller generates the control signal based at least in part on a characteristic of the frame.

Abstract: Microfluidic, electrochemical devices are described. The microfluidic, electrochemical device may include a sample zone on a first porous, hydrophilic layer, a reference zone and a microfluidic channel, wherein the microfluidic channel provides for predominantly diffusive fluid communication between the sample zone and the reference zone; (therefore realizing a similar function of a reference electrode), a fluid-impermeable material that defines each of the sample zone, reference zone and microfluidic channel, a first electrode in fluid communication with the sample zone and a second electrode in fluid communication with the reference zone. Also described are microfluidic, electrochemical devices containing an ion-selective membrane for potentiometric ion sensing.

Abstract: Oxidation process can include: introducing small droplets of liquid reaction mixture having oxidizable reactant, catalyst, and solvent into a reaction zone containing oxygen and diluent gas; and oxidizing the reactant with the oxygen at a suitable reaction temperature and a suitable reaction pressure to produce an oxidized product. The liquid reaction mixture can have an aromatic feedstock having an oxidizable substituent as the oxidizable reactant. The oxidized product can include an aromatic compound having at least one carboxylic acid. For example, the aromatic feedstock can include a benzene ring having at least one oxidizable alkyl substituent, furan hetero-ring having at least one oxidizable alkyl substituent, a naphthalene poly-ring having at least one oxidizable alkyl substituent, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An equipment assembly for preparing, harvesting and collecting particles is disclosed. The assembly comprises a tandem filter system with one or more high pressure filters, one or more low pressure filters and one or more collection vessel. Particles can be prepared, harvested and collected continuously, semi-continuously or in a batch-type operation. A tandem filter system and its method of use are also disclosed. Particles made with the assembly and according the instant methods are also disclosed. The assembly provides improved particle harvesting and collection over other systems and permits continuous particle formation, in particular by dispersion of a solute-containing process fluid within a supercritical anti-solvent.

Abstract: A process for epoxidizing an olefin comprising contacting an olefin with an oxidant in the presence of an insoluble oxidation catalyst in a solvent system comprising an organic water-miscible solvent to form an alkylene oxide. The insoluble oxidation catalyst comprises a metal, preferably selected from the group consisting of tungsten, cerium, and niobium. The metal is directly incorporated within a solid mesoporous silicate support, such as one selected from the group consisting of KIT-5, KIT-6, and TUD-1.

Abstract: An equipment assembly for preparing, harvesting and collecting particles is disclosed. The assembly comprises a tandem filter system with one or more high pressure filters, one or more low pressure filters and one or more collection vessel. Particles can be prepared, harvested and collected continuously, semi-continuously or in a batch-type operation. A tandem filter system and its method of use are also disclosed. Particles made with the assembly and according the instant methods are also disclosed. The assembly provides improved particle harvesting and collection over other systems and permits continuous particle formation, in particular by dispersion of a solute-containing process fluid within a supercritical anti-solvent.

Abstract: A system and method that quantifies the concentration of an immunoactive analyte by detecting a chemically amplified change in density. This method, termed DeLISA for Density-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, but useful for any biomolecular recognition event, uses magnetic levitation (MagLev) to detect the changes in density. The present disclosure provides a quantitative measure of detecting binding events, does not require the use of electricity, and can be easily multiplexed to detect multiple analytes since several beads can be placed in single serum sample to detect, for example, HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis C, and the like, simultaneously.

Abstract: A process for producing lactic acid from glycerol using a reaction mixture comprising glycerol, a dehydrogenation catalyst (preferably a copper-based catalyst), an alkaline component, and water.

Abstract: A process for epoxidizing an olefin comprising contacting an olefin with an oxidant in the presence of an insoluble oxidation catalyst in a solvent system comprising an organic water-miscible solvent to form an alkylene oxide. The insoluble oxidation catalyst comprises a metal, preferably selected from the group consisting of tungsten, cerium, and niobium. The metal is directly incorporated within a solid mesoporous silicate support, such as one selected from the group consisting of KIT-5, KIT-6, and TUD-1.

Abstract: A process is provided for carrying out an oxidation on a sprayable feed including a furanic substrate to be oxidized and a catalytically effective combination of cobalt, manganese, and bromide components for catalyzing the oxidation of the furanic substrate, which process comprises spraying the feed into a reactor vessel as a mist, supplying an oxidant, reacting the furanic substrate and the oxidant, and managing the exothermic temperature rise due to the reaction through a selection and control of the operating pressure within the reactor vessel. A crude dehydration product from the dehydration of fructose, glucose or both, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, can be directly oxidized by the process to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid in surprisingly increased yields.

Abstract: Described herein are assays for determining total suspended solids (TSS) in liquids. Here TSS can be determined by flowing turbid liquid samples in a porous medium. Using such an assay, TSS can be determined with small volumes of liquid and in short times without the need for dedicated optics and instruments. The assays can be used to determine total suspended solids in any liquid medium, for example, the assay can be used in an immunoprecipitin assay to determine the amount of antigen or antibody present in blood or other fluid.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a polymer functionalized with a ligand for binding a transition metal containing compound to form a transition metal complex, wherein said functionalized polymer has a number average molecular weight of about 5,000 to 30,000 g/mol and a polydispersity index of about 1.0 to 2.0. The catalyst is used in a hydroformylation reaction, preferably one in which the liquid phase has been volumetrically expanded with a compressed gas, is readily recyclable using nanofiltration.

Abstract: A process is provided for carrying out an oxidation on a feed including levulinic acid and/or a levulinic acid oxidation precursor to succinic acid, one or more furanic oxidation precursors of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and a catalytically effective combination of cobalt, manganese, and bromide components for catalyzing the oxidation of the levulinic acid component and of the one or more furanic oxidation precursors to produce both succinic acid and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid products, which process comprises supplying the feed to a reactor vessel, supplying an oxidant, reacting the levulinic acid component and the one or more furanic oxidation precursors with the oxidant to produce both succinic acid and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and then recovering the succinic acid and FDCA products. A crude dehydration product from the dehydration of fructose, glucose or both, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, can be directly oxidized by the process to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and succinic acid.

Abstract: An equipment assembly for preparing, harvesting and collecting particles is disclosed. The assembly comprises a tandem filter system with one or more high pressure filters, one or more low pressure filters and one or more collection vessel. Particles can be prepared, harvested and collected continuously, semi-continuously or in a batch-type operation. A tandem filter system and its method of use are also disclosed. Particles made with the assembly and according the instant methods are also disclosed. The assembly provides improved particle harvesting and collection over other systems and permits continuous particle formation, in particular by dispersion of a solute-containing process fluid within a supercritical anti-solvent.

Abstract: Allyl alcohol, particularly from biobased sources such as glycerol, is hydroformylated to products including 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde by forming a homogeneous reaction mixture including allyl alcohol, a rhodium-based hydroformylation catalyst and a near critical liquefiable petroleum gas or mixture of such gases, reacting the near critical liquefiable petroleum gas (or gas mixture)-expanded allyl alcohol substrate with carbon monoxide and with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst, and recovering substantially all of the petroleum gas or gases overhead by reducing the pressure and degassing the product mixture. Dense propane is especially useful as a single inert solvent/diluent, and substantially no other solvent/diluent is needed.

Abstract: A method for increasing ozone concentration in a liquid can include: providing a gas having ozone; introducing the ozone-containing gas into a liquid, wherein the liquid and ozone combination has a temperature between about 0.8 and about 1.5 times the critical temperature of ozone; and increasing isothermally, the pressure of the ozone-containing gas above the liquid to about 0.3 to about 5 times the critical pressure of ozone so as to increase the ozone concentration in the liquid. The temperature is expressed in absolute units (Kelvin or Rankin). The method can be used for removing ozone from a gas or for purifying ozone. The liquid having a high ozone concentration can be used for ozonolysis of a substrate.

Abstract: An equipment assembly for preparing, harvesting and collecting particles is disclosed. The assembly comprises a tandem filter system with one or more high pressure filters, one or more low pressure filters and one or more collection vessel. Particles can be prepared, harvested and collected continuously, semi-continuously or in a batch-type operation. A tandem filter system and its method of use are also disclosed. Particles made with the assembly and according the instant methods are also disclosed. The assembly provides improved particle harvesting and collection over other systems and permits continuous particle formation, in particular by dispersion of a solute-containing process fluid within a supercritical anti-solvent.

Abstract: Allyl alcohol, particularly from biobased sources such as glycerol, is hydroformylated to products including 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde by forming a homogeneous reaction mixture including allyl alcohol, a rhodium-based hydroformylation catalyst and a near critical liquefiable petroleum gas or mixture of such gases, reacting the near critical liquefiable petroleum gas (or gas mixture)-expanded allyl alcohol substrate with carbon monoxide and with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst, and recovering substantially all of the petroleum gas or gases overhead by reducing the pressure and degassing the product mixture. Dense propane is especially useful as a single inert solvent/diluent, and substantially no other solvent/diluent is needed.