Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for providing a wheel fuel efficiency improvement of at least 30% in a gasoline internal combustion engine, the system including a two-stroke engine, a crank case and oil pump in fluid communication with said two-stroke engine but independent of the fuel system of the engine and at least one of a turbocharger and/or another means of providing compressed air in fluid communication with a combustion chamber in said two-stroke engine, wherein camshafts are required to rotate at the same number of revolutions per minute as the crankshaft and that the gasoline can be injected directly into the combustion chamber and will not enter the combustion chamber via an intake manifold.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinders operating in a four-stroke mode, with pistons moving with reciprocating motion, employs at least one holding tank that is formed within a branch of an intake manifold. The holding tank may be shared among a plurality of cylinders. The holding tank, in response to an opening and a closure of a holding valve within the manifold, serves alternately as a conduit and a tank to convey a pre-combustion gas (fuel-air mix in gasoline engines) to and from the cylinders. Intake valves are held open beyond termination of induction strokes for entry and extraction a quantity of pre-combustion gas from a cylinder to reduce the compression ratio to a value less than the expansion ratio.

Abstract: A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine has a cylinder with a cylinder head closing off an end of the cylinder, a crankshaft and a piston connecting with the crankshaft to move the piston in a reciprocating movement within the cylinder. Intake and exhaust valves move into and out of a combustion chamber for openings and closures of the valves. A mixture of fuel and air is forced into the cylinder during an open interval of the intake valve beginning in the middle of the upstroke and terminating in a range of 20-60 degrees before top dead center to improve efficiency and choice of fuel by minimizing compressive forces of the piston during the upstroke. Timing of the closure of the intake valve may be delayed automatically with a reduction in crankshaft angular speed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, having a cylinder with a translating piston therein, employs a holding tank connecting, via a valve, to the combustion chamber of the cylinder for receipt of a portion of the engine gasses expelled during a compression stroke for providing that the expansion ratio of an expansion stroke is greater than the compression ratio of the compression stroke. The holding tank is located within a head of the cylinder, and has a single port serving for both ingress and egress of gasses to the combustion chamber. The holding tank is provided with one or more additional passages for connection to one or more additional cylinders in the event that the holding tank is shared among two or more cylinders.

Abstract: An Elevated Expansion-Ratio Internal Combustion Engine has a substantially standard repeating four-stroke sequence for each of a plurality of cylinders. The head of each cylinder has an intake valve, a combustion-gas exhaust valve, and a vapor return valve. A return manifold for vapor connects from respective ones of the cylinders via a plurality of valve assemblies, each of which includes the return valve, into a passage ahead of a beginning portion of an intake manifold. Each valve assembly also has a discharge valve coupled to the return valve via a holding tank for cylinder vapor or gas. Valve stems of the discharge and return valves are coaxial in a single section valve housing or spaced-apart in a two-section valve housing. A quantity of the vapor is received into the holding tank during the compression stroke, and subsequently transferred via the discharge valve to the return manifold.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a timing device for advancing operation of an exhaust valve, and a method of operating the exhaust valve, wherein, for the case of a conventional automotive engine, the timing device opens the exhaust valve less than 90 degrees before bottom dead center in a terminal portion of the power stroke of the engine, but more than approximately 30 degrees before the bottom dead center. The engine is a four-stroke engine, and the open interval of the exhaust valve extends from a terminal portion of the power stroke into the exhaust stroke. The advancement in the opening of the exhaust valve reduces fuel consumption.

Abstract: An Elevated Expansion-Ratio Internal Combustion Engine has a substantially standard repeating four-stroke sequence for each cylinder, and the Engine includes for each cylinder: an intake valve, a combustion-gas exhaust valve, and a vapor return valve. A return manifold for vapor connects from the return valves of respective ones of the cylinders back into a passage ahead of a beginning portion of an intake manifold. Substantially during a predetermined part of each compression stroke in the sequence of strokes, the return valve opens after a closing of the intake valve, and thereafter closes at a time within the compression stroke corresponding to a predetermined position of the piston in the cylinder.

Abstract: A method of improving fuel efficiency in combustion chambers enhances combustion of hydrocarbon fuels by introducing into the flame zone of a combustion chamber a gold compound which vaporizes and ionizes in the flame of the combusting fuel while being held by gases in the flame zone prior to and during the combustion of the fuel.

Abstract: A method of improving fuel efficiency in combustion chambers, for simultaneously enhancing combustion of hydrocarbon fuels while inhibiting nitrogen oxidation. A mixture of vaporous metallic compounds is introduced into the flame zone of a combustion chamber, such that this mixture is held by gases in the flame zone prior to and during the combustion of the fuel, and the mixture is thereby ionized prior to or during the combustion. The ionized mixture of compounds contains platinum, rhodium, rhenium, molybdenum, aluminum and ruthenium.

Abstract: A method of improving fuel efficiency in combustion chambers, for simultaneously enhancing combustion of hydrocarbon fuels while inhibiting nitrogen oxidation. A mixture of metallic compounds is introduced into the flame zone of a combustion chamber, such that this mixture is held by gases in the flame zone during the combustion of the fuel, and the mixture is thereby ionized prior to or during the combustion. The ionized mixture of compounds contains platinum, rhodium, rhenium, and molybdenum.