Abstract: A liquid filter (10) housing an annular filter element (16) has an annular space or inlet chamber (24) between the filter element and the housing and viewable through the housing such that an operator can see the level of liquid in the inlet chamber as an indication of when to replace the filter element, the higher the level of liquid in the inlet chamber the greater the pressure drop across the filter element. A change interval plugging indicator (102), preferably part of the filter element, is provided by a gas trap and pressure responsive release mechanism (104) trapping gas in the upper section (23) of the inlet chamber until a designated release pressure is reached, corresponding to a desired terminal pressure, to prevent premature plugging indication otherwise indicated by rising liquid level in the inlet chamber. Accurate and reliable calibration is enabled by separating the filtration function and the plugging indication function.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control regeneration system regenerates a particulate filter by combusting trapped particulate and producing a combustion product from such combustion, and uses the combustion product to assist regeneration of a downstream catalyst, such as CO assisting regeneration of a downstream NOX adsorber, located in sufficiently close proximity to a diesel particulate filter.

Abstract: A liquid filter (10) housing an annular filter element (16) has an annular space or inlet chamber (24) between the filter element and the housing and viewable through the housing such that an operator can see the level of liquid in the inlet chamber as an indication of when to replace the filter element, the higher the level of liquid in the inlet chamber the greater the pressure drop across the filter element. A change interval plugging indicator (102), preferably part of the filter element, is provided by a gas trap and pressure responsive release mechanism (104) trapping gas in the upper section (23) of the inlet chamber until a designated release pressure is reached, corresponding to a desired terminal pressure, to prevent premature plugging indication otherwise indicated by rising liquid level in the inlet chamber. Accurate and reliable calibration is enabled by separating the filtration function and the plugging indication function.

Abstract: A filtering system (10) is provided for filtering working fluid from a machine (12) and includes a cleanable filter (16) and a centrifuge (82) where filter capacity is too low for a permanent filter yet flow rate is too high for a centrifuge. The system transfers the contaminant storage function from the cleanable filter to the centrifuge. A simple effective centrifuge is provided.

Abstract: An annular space or inlet chamber 24 between the filter element 16 and housing of a liquid filter is viewable such that an operator can see the level of liquid in the inlet chamber as an indication of when to replace the filter element: the higher the liquid level, the greater the pressure drop across the filter element. A change interval plugging indicator includes a porous outer wrap 50 that traps gas in an upper section 23 of the inlet chamber below a designated release pressure and releases trapped gas upon attainment of the release pressure causing a rapid rise in liquid level within the housing and corresponding to a desired terminal pressure. The indicator prevents premature plugging indication otherwise indicated by a slowly rising liquid in the chamber. Accurate and reliable calibration is enabled by separating the filtering and indicating functions.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment combined filter and catalytic converter has a plurality of flow channels each having both: a) a flow-through channel catalytically reacting with the exhaust; and b) a wall-flow channel trapping particulate such as soot. A filter is also provided.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction system for engine exhaust injects a solution comprising a source of ammonia, preferably an aqueous urea solution, or other ammonia solution, to preferably evaporate, decompose and hydrolyze to produce ammonia to react with and reduce NOx in the exhaust. An inertial impactor in the housing between the injector and the catalyst is impacted by the solution droplets and holds same until evaporated, decomposed and hydrolyzed to ammonia.

Abstract: A green uncured pre-form (10) for an exhaust aftertreatment filter includes first and second sheets (12 and 14) of regenerable filter material, the second sheet being pleated and forming with the first sheet a plurality of axially extending flow channels (32, 80, 81) having lateral cross-sectional shapes with two adjacent included angles (34 and 36, 56 and 58) each greater than 45° and less than 75° and having wall segments (18 and 20, 68 and 70) with a thickness less than 0.8 mm, a porosity greater than 80%, and an extension height (b) between pleat tips less than 10 mm. Forming apparatus (83, 84) and methods are provided.

Abstract: A liquid filter (10) housing an annular filter element (16) has an annular space or inlet chamber (24) between the filter element and the housing and viewable through the housing such that an operator can see the level of liquid in the inlet chamber as an indication of when to replace the filter element, the higher the level of liquid in the inlet chamber the greater the pressure drop across the filter element. A change interval plugging indicator (102), preferably part of the filter element, is provided by a gas trap and pressure responsive release mechanism (104) trapping gas in the upper section (23) of the inlet chamber until a designated release pressure is reached, corresponding to a desired terminal pressure, to prevent premature plugging indication otherwise indicated by rising liquid level in the inlet chamber. Accurate and reliable calibration is enabled by separating the filtration function and the plugging indication function.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction system for engine exhaust injects a solution comprising a source of ammonia, preferably an aqueous urea solution, or other ammonia solution, to preferably evaporate, decompose and hydrolyze to produce ammonia to react with and reduce NOX in the exhaust. An inertial impactor in the housing between the injector and the catalyst is impacted by the solution droplets and holds same until evaporated, decomposed and hydrolyzed to ammonia.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment filter is provided with localized and efficient heating for regeneration. Electrical and/or thermal conductors are wound with filter media sheets into a filter roll and/or conductors are provided at axial ends of the filter roll and/or microwave radiation is used for localized hot zone heating. Regeneration is provided at lateral slices of the filter roll lying in a plane extending transversely and radially relative to the filter roll axis.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment filter is provided with localized and efficient heating for regeneration. Electrical and/or thermal conductors are wound with filter media sheets into a filter roll and/or conductors are provided at axial ends of the filter roll and/or microwave radiation is used for localized hot zone heating. Regeneration is provided at lateral slices of the filter roll lying in a plane extending transversely and radially relative to the filter roll axis.

Abstract: A green uncured pre-form (10) for an exhaust aftertreatment filter includes first and second sheets (12 and 14) of regenerable filter material, the second sheet being pleated and forming with the first sheet a plurality of axially extending flow channels (32, 80, 81) having lateral cross-sectional shapes with two adjacent included angles (34 and 36, 56 and 58) each greater than 45° and less than 75° and having wall segments (18 and 20, 68 and 70) with a thickness less than 0.8 mm, a porosity greater than 80%, and an extension height (b) between pleat tips less than 10 mm. Forming apparatus (83, 84) and methods are provided.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction system for engine exhaust injects a source of ammonia, preferably an aqueous urea solution, or other ammonia solution, to preferably evaporate, decompose and hydrolyze to produce ammonia to react with and reduce NOx in the exhaust. A turbulence generator between the injector and a downstream catalyst enhances ammonia mixing upstream of the catalyst. A perforated reflector between the injector and the catalyst passes the exhaust through the perforations and reflects exhaust back toward the injector, to generate the turbulence to achieve enhanced ammonia mixing. A low pressure generator creates a low pressure evaporative diffusion enhancement zone at the injector accelerating evaporation rate and accelerating ammonia diffusion and mixing with the exhaust.

Abstract: A filter is composed of filter media having the following characteristics in combination: a) the filter media has a greater affinity for the filtered fluid than for contaminants in the fluid, and wherein the work of adhesion between the filter media and the contaminants is less than the work of adhesion between the filter media and fluid, and wherein the filter media is preferentially wetted by the fluid relative to the contaminants; b) the filter media is composed of fibers having a defined surface area ratio facilitating fewer attachment sites for contaminants, and, in the case of cleanable reusable filters, facilitating cleansing backwash of the cleanable reusable filter by cleansing fluid along a reverse flow backflush path; c) the filter media has a thickness of 0.025 to 0.075 inch, 0.7 to 2.

Abstract: A filter housing (14) has a first inlet (16) for receiving a first fluid such as oil from a machine such as an internal combustion engine (12), a first outlet (20) returning the first fluid to the machine, a second inlet (24) selectively receiving a second fluid from a source of cleaning fluid (28), and a second outlet (30) exhausting the second fluid. The filter housing has a first flow path therethrough from the first inlet through a filter element (40) in one direction to the first outlet, and a second flow path therethrough from the second inlet then through the filter element in the opposite direction then to the second outlet. The first and second inlets and the first and second outlets are all provided at the same axial end of the housing, for modularity. First and second common flow channels (58 and 68) in the housing each carry the first and second fluids in opposite directions. First and second valves (84 and 86) in the housing enable switching between filtration and cleaning modes.

Abstract: A combination in situ oil filter purge and oil replacement system is provided in a lubrication system, including for an internal combustion engine (10). A purge system backflushes the oil filter (12) and re-circulates backflushed used oil. A replacement system supplies fresh oil to the filter (12).

Abstract: A fluid filter assembly (20) includes an axially extending tubular housing shell (24) having an integral closed end (26), a distally opposite integral open end (28), and a sidewall (30) extending integrally between the ends. An annular filter cartridge (32) is in the housing shell. An adapter plate (48) has a first set of threads (50) thread mounting the adapter plate to the machine (22) from which fluid is filtered, and a second set of threads (54) engaging the threads (56) of the open end of the housing shell in thread tightened engagement. The housing shell is a singular one-piece member of sufficient stock and thickness at the open end to be internally threaded and to structurally support direct threaded engagement with the adapter plate without an intermediate structural support member.

Abstract: A lubricant filtering and monitoring system and method is provided for a lubricant circulation system circulating lubricant through a filter to a lubricated component. A combination of sensors senses a condition of the lubricant before and after passage through the filter and before and after passage through the component and provides an output indicative of a condition in the circulation system. A sensor senses a condition of lubricant flowing through the filter, and another sensor senses a condition of lubricant flowing through a reference section for comparison against and normalizing of the output of the first sensor. A method of actively monitoring the component is provided by comparing influent to the component with effluent from the component to ascertain how lubricant is being modified by the component, by sensing a condition of lubricant passing through the filter. An effective method is provided for determining when to change or clean the filter.

Abstract: A fluid filter (10) includes a housing (14), a mounting head (16), a filter element (34), and a pressure sensor (54) mounted to the housing (14) and having a high pressure port (58) communicating with the high pressure side (36) of the filter element (34) and having a low pressure port (60) communicating with the low pressure side (38) of the filter element (34) to sense the pressure drop across the filter element.