Abstract: A patient interface including a plenum chamber, a first seal-forming structure for forming a seal around the patient's mouth, and a second seal-forming structure for forming a seal around the patient's nares. The patient interface further includes at least one stopper rib disposed in the cavity of the plenum chamber spaced apart from the first seal-forming structure in a rest position. The first seal-forming structure configured to contact the at least one stopper rib in an operational position. The at least one stopper rib configured to oppose compression of the first seal-forming structure in an anterior direction. The second seal-forming structure is not configured to contact the at least one stopper rib.

Abstract: A method of assessing the quality of an retinal image (such as a fundus image) includes selecting at least one region of interest within a retinal image corresponding to a particular structure of the eye (e.g. the optic disc or the macula), and a quality score is calculated in respect of the, or each, region-of-interest. Each region of interest is typically one associated with pathology, as the optic disc and the macula are. Optionally, a quality score may be calculated also in respect of the eye as a whole (i.e. over the entire image, if the entire image corresponds to the retina).

Abstract: A method of assessing the quality of an retinal image (such as a fundus image) includes selecting at least one region of interest within a retinal image corresponding to a particular structure of the eye (e.g. the optic disc or the macula), and a quality score is calculated in respect of the, or each, region-of-interest. Each region of interest is typically one associated with pathology, as the optic disc and the macula are. Optionally, a quality score may be calculated also in respect of the eye as a whole (i.e. over the entire image, if the entire image corresponds to the retina).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for displaying a video image to a user having a visual impairment. The system comprises a video camera, a data storage device, a processor and an image display device for displaying processed images in a display region. The processor is operative to perform at least one of the operations of (i) including in the display region, a marker at a location offset from a centre of the display region, whereby if the user, who suffers from blurred vision at the centre of the user's visual field, looks at the marker, the user sees the captured image in focus; or (ii) deforming a portion of the captured image by a correction matrix, whereby, upon displaying the processed images by the display device, the correction matrix corrects a deformation in a corresponding portion of the visual field of the user due to the visual impairment.

Abstract: A surgical training system and method. The system comprises means for recording reference data representing a reference manipulation of a computer generated model of an object by a master user; means for physically guiding a trainee user based on the recorded reference data during a training manipulation of the model of the object by the trainee user; and means for recording assessment data representing an assessment manipulation of the model of the object by the trainee user without guidance.

Abstract: A method is proposed for automatically locating the optic disc or the optic cup in an image of the rear of an eye. A portion of the image containing the optic disc or optic cup is divided into sub-regions using a clustering algorithm. Biologically inspired features, and optionally other features, are obtained for each of the sub-regions. An adaptive model uses the features to generate data indicative of whether each sub-region is within or outside the optic disc or optic cup. The result is then smoothed, to form an estimate of the position of the optic disc or optic cup.

Abstract: A method is proposed for analyzing an optical coherence tomography (OCT) image of the anterior segment (AS) of a subject's eye. A region of interest is defined which is a region of the image containing the junction of the cornea and iris, and an estimated position the junction within the region of interest is derived. Using this a second region of the image is obtained, which is a part of the image containing the estimated position of the junction. Features of the second region are obtained, and those features are input to an adaptive model to generate data characterizing the junction.

Abstract: A non-stereo fundus image is used to obtain a plurality of glaucoma indicators. Additionally, genome data for the subject is used to obtain genetic marker data relating to one or more genes and/or SNPs associated with glaucoma. The glaucoma indicators and genetic marker data are input into an adaptive model operative to generate an output indicative of a risk of glaucoma in the subject. In combination, the genetic indicators and genome data are more informative about the risk of glaucoma than either of the two in isolation. The adaptive model may be a two-stage model, having a first stage in which individual genetic indicators are combined with respective portions of the genome data by first adaptive model modules to form respective first outputs, and a second stage in which the first outputs are combined by a second adaptive mode.

Abstract: A non-stereo fundus image is used to obtain a plurality of glaucoma indicators. Additionally, genome data for the subject is used to obtain genetic marker data relating to one or more genes and/or SNPs associated with glaucoma. The glaucoma indicators and genetic marker data are input into an adaptive model operative to generate an output indicative of a risk of glaucoma in the subject. In combination, the genetic indicators and genome data are more informative about the risk of glaucoma than either of the two in isolation. The adaptive model may be a two-stage model, having a first stage in which individual genetic indicators are combined with respective portions of the genome data by first adaptive model modules to form respective first outputs, and a second stage in which the first outputs are combined by a second adaptive mode.

Abstract: A non-stereo fundus image is used to obtain a plurality of glaucoma indicators. Additionally, genome data for the subject is used to obtain genetic marker data relating to one or more genes and/or SNPs associated with glaucoma. The glaucoma indicators and genetic marker data are input into an adaptive model operative to generate an output indicative of a risk of glaucoma in the subject. In combination, the genetic indicators and genome data are more informative about the risk of glaucoma than either of the two in isolation. The adaptive model may be a two-stage model, having a first stage in which individual genetic indicators are combined with respective portions of the genome data by first adaptive model modules to form respective first outputs, and a second stage in which the first outputs are combined by a second adaptive mode.

Abstract: A method is proposed for automatically locating the optic disc or the optic cup in an image of the rear of an eye. A portion of the image containing the optic disc or optic cup is divided into sub-regions using a clustering algorithm. Biologically inspired features, and optionally other features, are obtained for each of the sub-regions. An adaptive model uses the features to generate data indicative of whether each sub-region is within or outside the optic disc or optic cup. The result is then smoothed, to form an estimate of the position of the optic disc or optic cup.

Abstract: A method is proposed for analysing an optical coherence tomography (OCT) image of the anterior segment (AS) of a subject's eye. A region of interest is defined which is a region of the image containing the junction of the cornea and iris, and an estimated position the junction within the region of interest is derived. Using this a second region of the image is obtained, which is a part of the image containing the estimated position of the junction. Features of the second region are obtained, and those features are input to an adaptive model to generate data characterizing the junction.

Abstract: A method is proposed for automatically analysing a retina image, to identify the presence of drusen which is indicative of age-related macular degeneration. The method proposes dividing a region of interest including the macula centre into patches, obtaining a local descriptor of each of the patches, reducing the dimensionality of the local descriptor by comparing the local descriptor to a tree-like clustering model and obtaining transformed data indicating the identity of the cluster. The transformed data is fed into an adaptive model which generates data indicative of the presence of drusen in the retinal image. Furthermore, the trans formed data can be used to obtain the location of the drusen within the image.

Abstract: An OCT image of an eye which has been subject to a DSAEK corneal transplant, in which a Descement's membrane in the cornea has been replaced by a graft, is processed to identify the outline of the graft. The process includes the steps of: computationally extracting the boundary of the cornea including the graft; computationally detecting the corners of the graft; computationally extracting points on the boundary between the graft and the original cornea; and computationally fitting the points on the boundary between the graft and the original cornea smoothly into a curve. The outline of the graft is then displayed. A graft profile may be generated, indicating the thickness of the graft at each point along its length.

Abstract: A robotic device for use in image-guided robot assisted surgical training, the robotic device comprising a manual interface structure configured to simulate handling of a surgical tool; a translational mechanism for translational motion of the manual interface structure; a rotational mechanism for rotational motion of the manual interface structure; and a spherical mechanism configured to decouple the orientation of the manual interface structure into spatial coordinates, wherein a linkage between the rotational mechanism, the rotational mechanism and the spherical mechanism, and the manual interface structure are disposed on opposing sides of an intersection of a pitch axis and a yaw axis of the spherical mechanism.

Abstract: A system and system for monitoring water quality. The system comprises a container for receiving a flow of water to be monitored, the container containing a plurality of fish and configured such that a substantially 3-dimensional group behavior of the fish is accommodated; a first imaging device disposed above the container for obtaining top view video data of the fish; and means for identifying individual fish based on foreground object detection.

Abstract: An OCT image of an eye which has been subject to a DSAEK corneal transplant, in which a Descement's membrane in the cornea has been replaced by a graft, is processed to identify the outline of the graft. The process includes the steps of: computationally extracting the boundary of the cornea including the graft; computationally detecting the corners of the graft; computationally extracting points on the boundary between the graft and the original cornea; and computationally fitting the points on the boundary between the graft and the original cornea smoothly into a curve. The outline of the graft is then displayed. A graft profile may be generated, indicating the thickness of the graft at each point along its length.

Abstract: A robotic device for use in image-guided robot assisted surgical training, the robotic device comprising a manual interface structure configured to simulate handling of a surgical tool; a translational mechanism for translational motion of the manual interface structure; a rotational mechanism for rotational motion of the manual interface structure; and a spherical mechanism configured to decouple the orientation of the manual interface structure into spatial coordinates, wherein a linkage between the rotational mechanism, the rotational mechanism and the spherical mechanism, and the manual interface structure are disposed on opposing sides of an intersection of a pitch axis and a yaw axis of the spherical mechanism.

Abstract: A surgical training system and method. The system comprises means for recording reference data representing a reference manipulation of a computer generated model of an object by a master user; means for physically guiding a trainee user based on the recorded reference data during a training manipulation of the model of the object by the trainee user; and means for recording assessment data representing an assessment manipulation of the model of the object by the trainee user without guidance.

Abstract: A non-stereo fundus image is used to obtain a plurality of glaucoma indicators. Additionally, genome data for the subject is used to obtain genetic marker data relating to one or more genes and/or SNPs associated with glaucoma. The glaucoma indicators indicators and genetic marker data are input into an adaptive model operative to generate an output indicative of a risk of glaucoma in the subject. In combination, the genetic indicators and genome data are more informative about the risk of glaucoma than either of the two in isolation. The adaptive model may be a two-stage model, having a first stage in which individual genetic indicators are combined with respective portions of the genome data by first adaptive model modules to form respective first outputs, and a second stage in which the first outputs are combined by a second adaptive mode.