Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using amines and alkyl/aryl iodides are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled amides are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for miniaturized carboxylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon dioxide using Grignard reagents or other organometallic reagents in a closable reaction loop or reactor are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled compounds are useful as radiopharmaceuticals or precursors for radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for improving the quality in positron emission tomography (PET) images. Image quality may be improved by pre-normalizing dynamic PET images and then applying a multivariate analysis tool on the images to generate improved quality dynamic PET images. The dynamic PET images are the images reconstructed from the raw dynamic PET data in the image domain of the PET study. A first normalization method is a data treatment (also referred to as noise pre-normalization) for the negative values that may result from the image reconstruction and/or from random variations in detector readings. A second normalization method is background noise pre-normalization where background pixel values are masked. A third normalization method is kinetic pre-normalization where the contrast is improved to allow greater visualization of the activity in the image. Multivariate analysis such as PCA may then be applied to each slice of the dynamic PET images.

Abstract: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers such as D-[methyl-11C]-Deprenyl (DDE) and [11C]-GR205171 (GLD), methods for and methods of preparing biological mechanisms that identify treatment targets in connection with Whiplash-Associated Disorder (WAD) are provided. Associated kits for the evaluation of the biological mechanisms are also provided.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for improving the quality in positron emission tomography (PET) images. PET input data is masked using raw dynamic PET data (sinograms) as input for primary component analysis (PCA) that generates primary components which in turn are used to create a mask. This mask can be used to allow object pixel data to be extracted from the sinograms into masked sinograms where background pixels outside the reference object are set to zero. A volume-wise approach to PCA uses masked sinograms as input data. Pixel-wise noise pre-normalization may then be performed generating pre-normalized sinograms from the masked PET input data. PCA is then performed on the pre-normalized sinograms resulting in PCA sinograms recreated into PCA-modified sinograms by adding background pixel values of zero. These PCA-modified sinograms may optionally be scaled and may then be reconstructed into dynamic PET images with improved image quality.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for preparing [11C]methyl iodide from [11C]methane and iodine in a single pass through a non-thermal plasma reactor has been developed. The plasma was created by applying high voltage (400 V/31 kHz) to electrodes in a stream of helium gas at reduced pressure. The [11C]methane used in the experiments was produced from [11C]carbon dioxide via reduction with hydrogen over nickel. [11C]Methyl iodide was obtained with a specific radioactivity of 412±32 GBq/?mol within 6 min from approximately 24 GBq of [11C]carbon dioxide. The decay corrected radiochemical yield was 13±3% based on [11C]carbon dioxide at start of synthesis. [11C]Flumazenil was synthesized via a N-alkylation with the prepared [11C]methyl iodide. Kit and apparatus for preparing [11C]methyl iodide by a non thermal plasma method are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for selecting novel DAA analogues for a peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor were labeled with 18F using one-step syntheses are provided. Analogues labeled with the 18F using the one-step synthesis method are also provided. Additionally, the purification of the Br, I, Cl, TsO, MsO, or RfSO3 precursors in the compound of formula (II) by solid phase extraction is provided as is the precursor compounds of formula (II). A kit claim for comprising an effective amount of an 18F labeled compound, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A method and system are provided to mask out the background in dynamic PET images, to perform pre-normalization on the masked dynamic PET images, and to apply multivariate image analysis (e.g., principal component analysis PCA) on the masked pre-normalized dynamic PET images in order to improve the quality of the dynamic PET images and the PET study. A masking operation applies PCA to untreated dynamic PEET images before any pre-normalization in order to mask out the background pixels. This masking operation uses the Otsu method. A first normalization method is background noise pre-normalization where pixel values are corrected for background noise. A second normalization method is kinetic pre-normalization where the contrast within an image is improved. Multivariate analysis such as PCA may be applied on the whole volume to find the largest variance in the structure.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using alkyl/aryl iodides with alcohols or water treated by photosensitizers are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled esters and acids, and pharmaceutical acceptable salts and solvates are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits and method for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to “C-labeled compounds, their preparation, compositions comprising an effective amount of a “C-labeled compound, and the use of a “C-labeled compound as a radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using alkyl/aryl iodides with sulfoxides and triethylamine are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled acids, and pharmaceutical acceptable salts and solvates are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits and method for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for production and use of carbon-isotope monoxide in labeling synthesis are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled reagents are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET).

Abstract: Methods and reagents for synthesizing carbon-isotope labeled ketones and amines by carbonylation via Suzuki coupling reaction using carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled ketones and amines are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for rhodium-promoted carbonylation via isocyanate using carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide are provided. The resultant carbon isotope labeled compounds are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for labeling synthesis of organohalides by transition metal mediated carbonylation reactions using carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled organohalides are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use as precursors in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated PET tracers and kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and systems for labeling synthesis of phosgen by UV light are provided. Methods of synthesizing labeled compounds useful as PET tracers from labeled phosgen are also provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled compounds are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography. Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using amines and alkyl/aryl iodides are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled amides are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of obtaining from a 68Ge/68Ga generator and a method of producing 68Ga-radiolabelled complexes using the obtained 68Ga. The invention further relates to a kit, which could be used to obtain 68Ga and a kit, which could be used for the production of 68Ga-radiolabelled complexes.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for transition metal-promoted carbonylation via diazo compounds using carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled compounds are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for labeling synthesis of radiolabeled gallium complex by microwave activation are provided. The resultant gallium-isotope labeled compounds are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). A method for imaging EGFR overexpression in tumors using PET is also provided.