Abstract: An integrated circuit structure includes a sub-fin having at least a first portion that is doped with a first type of dopant, and a second portion that is doped with a second type of dopant. A PN junction is between the first and second portions of the sub-fin. The first type of dopant is one of a p-type or an n-type dopant, and the second type of dopant is the other of the p-type or the n-type dopant. A first contact and a second contact comprise conductive material. In an example, the first contact and the second contact are respectively in contact with the first portion and the second portion of the sub-fin. A diode is formed based on the PN junction between the first and second portions, where the first contact is an anode contact of the diode, and the second contact is a cathode contact of the diode.

Abstract: Apparatus and controls for indicating the position of a stepping motor rotor as it successively steps and without the need for physically driven encoders or pulse generators, characterized by arrangements for sensing the current, or the rate of change of current, flowing in the motor windings. The intelligence indicating when the rotor reaches successive positions is applied advantageously to a utilization device such as a counter to signal the position of a driven load, and is used to control sequenced energization of the motor windings to create the advantages of a closed loop system but without a driven feedback device.