Abstract: Decoder for decoding a picture from a data stream, configured to check whether a plurality of coding parameters, which are contained in the data stream, relate to a predetermined portion of the picture and control a prediction residual transform mode and a quantization accuracy with respect to the predetermined portion, are indicative of a coding parameter setting corresponding to a lossless prediction residual coding. Responsive to the plurality of coding parameters being indicative of the coding parameter setting corresponding to the lossless prediction residual coding, the decoder is configured to set one or more predetermined coding options relating to one or more tools of the decoder for processing a prediction residual corrected predictive reconstruction with respect to the predetermined portion so that the one or more tools are disabled with respect to the predetermined portion.

Abstract: A picture in a data stream is subdivided into different size transform bocks. For a transform block, a transformation is selected by checking whether the block's size exceeds a threshold. If it does, a default technique is used to select the transformation. If it does not, a transformation is used from a list of transformations as identified by an index, the list including an identity transformation and non-identity transformations. A coefficients block in the data stream is decoded, and if the selected transformation is the identity transformation, then the coefficients block is used as a residual sample array, and if the selected transformation is not the identity transformation, the coefficients block is subjected to an inverse transformation corresponding to the selected transformation to obtain a residual sample array used to correct a prediction for the transform block.

Abstract: Interpolation between explicitly signaled CPB (or HRD) parameters at selected bit rates is used to achieve a good compromise between CPB parameter transmission capacity and CPB parametrization effectiveness and may be, particularly, made in an effective manner.

Abstract: Concepts are described, including encoding of a video into data stream and decoding of a data stream having a video encoded thereinto, using motion compensation prediction between pictures of equal resolution and pictures of different resolution, based on motion vectors at a half-sample resolution and on motion vectors at a different resolution using interpolation filters to obtain sub-sample values within a reference sample array. The interpolation filter is selected from two interpolation filter versions different in a higher edge preserving property, and the selection is depending on whether a current picture is equal in picture resolution to the reference sample array in horizontal and/or vertical dimension, and/or a constraint information in the data stream.

Abstract: A video decoder for decoding a video from a data stream is configured to decode an indication from the data stream which is valid for a sequence of pictures of the video, and indicates that RASL pictures within the sequence of pictures are coded in a manner excluding a predetermined set of one or more coding tools.

Abstract: Arithmetic encoder for encoding a plurality of symbols is configured to derive an interval size information for an arithmetic encoding of one or more symbol values to be encoded on the basis of one or more state variable value, in a first mode of operation, and to update the one or more state variable values and/or the interval size information for an encoding of one or more subsequent symbol values to be encoded in the first mode; in a second mode, the arithmetic encoder is configured to disable an update of the one or more state variable values and/or of the interval size information. Additionally, further embodiments of arithmetic encoders and decoders and video encoders and decoders are described.

Abstract: A coding efficiency increase is achieved by using a common signalization within the bitstream with regard to activation of merging and activation of the skip mode. One possible state of one or more syntax elements within the bitstream may signalize for a current sample set of a picture that the sample set is to be merged and has no prediction residual encoded and inserted into the bitstream. A common flag may signalize whether the coding parameters associated with a current sample set are to be set according to a merge candidate or to be retrieved from the bitstream, and whether the current sample set of the picture is to be reconstructed based on a prediction signal depending on the coding parameters associated with the current sample set, without any residual data, or to be reconstructed by refining the prediction signal depending on the coding parameters associated with the current sample set by means of residual data within the bitstream.

Abstract: Decoder for block-based decoding of a picture from a data stream, configured to decode an intra-coding mode for a predetermined block of the picture from the data stream, configured to decode a partition dimension flag for the predetermined block of the picture from the data stream and set a partition dimension depending on the partition dimension flag to be horizontal or vertical and the decoder is configured to partition, along the predetermined dimension, the predetermined block into transform partitions which are as wide as the predetermined block perpendicular to predetermined dimension, furthermore configured to decode, for each transform partition, a transform of a prediction residual from the data stream; intra-predicting the predetermined block depending on one or more already reconstructed samples neighboring the predetermined block in a manner depending on the intra-coding mode to obtain a predictor for the predetermined block; and reconstructing the predetermined block by correcting the predictor

Abstract: Decoder for decoding a picture from a data stream, configured to check whether a plurality of coding parameters, which are contained in the data stream, relate to a predetermined portion of the picture and control a prediction residual transform mode and a quantization accuracy with respect to the predetermined portion, are indicative of a coding parameter setting corresponding to a lossless prediction residual coding. Responsive to the plurality of coding parameters being indicative of the coding parameter setting corresponding to the lossless prediction residual coding, the decoder is configured to set one or more predetermined coding options relating to one or more tools of the decoder for processing a prediction residual corrected predictive reconstruction with respect to the predetermined portion so that the one or more tools are disabled with respect to the predetermined portion.

Abstract: Interpolation between explicitly signaled CPB (or HRD) parameters at selected bit rates is used to achieve a good compromise between CPB parameter transmission capacity and CPB parametrization effectiveness and may be, particularly, made in an effective manner.

Abstract: Interpolation between explicitly signaled CPB (or HRD) parameters at selected bit rates is used to achieve a good compromise between CPB parameter transmission capacity and CPB parametrization effectiveness and may be, particularly, made in an effective manner.

Abstract: Interpolation between explicitly signaled CPB (or HRD) parameters at selected bit rates is used to achieve a good compromise between CPB parameter transmission capacity and CPB parametrization effectiveness and may be, particularly, made in an effective manner.

Abstract: Interpolation between explicitly signaled CPB (or HRD) parameters at selected bit rates is used to achieve a good compromise between CPB parameter transmission capacity and CPB parametrization effectiveness and may be, particularly, made in an effective manner.

Abstract: Interpolation between explicitly signaled CPB (or HRD) parameters at selected bit rates is used to achieve a good compromise between CPB parameter transmission capacity and CPB parametrization effectiveness and may be, particularly, made in an effective manner.

Abstract: Interpolation between explicitly signaled CPB (or HRD) parameters at selected bit rates is used to achieve a good compromise between CPB parameter transmission capacity and CPB parametrization effectiveness and may be, particularly, made in an effective manner.

Abstract: Interpolation between explicitly signaled CPB (or HRD) parameters at selected bit rates is used to achieve a good compromise between CPB parameter transmission capacity and CPB parametrization effectiveness and may be, particularly, made in an effective manner.

Abstract: An apparatus for video decoding according to an embodiment is provided. The apparatus is configured to receive a video data stream having pictures of a video encoded thereinto. The video data stream comprises a plurality of access units, a plurality of SEI (supplemental enhancement information) messages and processing order information which defines a processing order of the plurality of SEI messages. The apparatus is configured to determine the processing order information to obtain information on the processing order of the plurality of SEI messages. The processing order information comprises information on an identifier for each SEI message of two or more SEI messages of the plurality of SEI messages, wherein the identifier of each SEI message of the two or more SEI messages is unique among the two or more SEI messages.

Abstract: A further coding efficiency increase may be achieved if for a current block of a picture, for which the bit stream signals one of supported partitioning patterns, a reversal of the partitioning by block merging is avoided. In particular, if the signaled one of the supported partitioning patterns specifies a subdivision of the block into two or more further blocks, a removal of certain coding parameter candidates for all further blocks, except a first further block of the further blocks in a coding order, is performed. Particularly, those coding parameter candidates are removed from the set of coding parameter candidates for the respective further block, the coding parameters of which are the same as coding parameters associated with any of the further blocks which, when being merged with the respective further block, would result in one of the supported partitioning pattern. This avoids redundancy between partitioning coding and merging coding.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of determining skin health of an area of skin and overall health of an individual by exposing the area of skin to a first exposure radiation to induce the area of skin to emit a first fluorescent emission, measuring the intensity of the first fluorescent emission, exposing the area of skin to a second exposure radiation to induce the area of skin to emit a second fluorescent emission, measuring the intensity of the second fluorescent emission, calculating a ratio of these intensities, and comparing the ratio to a control ratio.

Abstract: A method of affecting sleep and sleep-related behaviors of a mammal having a diurnal rhythm, by reducing the basal activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by administering an effective amount of a sensory regimen is disclosed. Such reduction may be accomplished by reducing at least one of the following: a. the average total daily amount of adrenocortical hormone; or b. the average total daily amount adrenocortical hormone minus the integrative measure of morning peak adrenocortical hormone. Preferably, such reduction also includes reducing at least one of the following: c. the level of adrenocortical hormone 4 hours to 8 hours after waking; d. the level of adrenocortical hormone in the period of time preceding bedtime; or e. the level of adrenocortical hormone below the onset of sleep threshold.