Abstract: Calcium carbonate scale deposits, occurring in gold and silver mining involving the cyanidation process which utilizes heap and vat leaching, and carbon-in-pulp, carbon-in-leach, particularly activated carbon separation columns; said scale deposits forming on the carbon surfaces and in the emitters and sprinklers of the heap leaching system, are controlled using polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates, which provide effective inhibition despite the severe conditions encountered in these systems, including very high pH's.

Abstract: An orthophosphate salt and sodium silicate, when used in a 3:1 ratio by weight, and in a concentration of 0.1 to 100 mg/L, are found to have a synergistic effect in controlling the corrosion of carbon steel in an aqueous system, e.g., a municipal water supply system. The synergistic combination is also useful in reducing lead solubility and leaching, and in stabilizing soluble iron and manganese and their reaction products.

Abstract: Monofluorophosphate salts, especially sodium monofluorophosphate (Na.sub.2 PO.sub.3 F), when added to various industrial water systems in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 50 mg/L, significantly reduce the amount of calcium carbonate scale which is formed on heat exchange and other metallic surfaces of such systems.Monofluorophosphate salts, especially sodium monofluorophosphate, when added to various water systems in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 50 mg/L also stabilizes soluble manganese ion and its reaction products, i.e., primarily MnO.sub.2, in desirable forms and reduced particle sizes.Monofluorophosphate salts, especially sodium monofluorophosphate, when added to various water systems in concentrations between 1 mg/L and 500 mg/L also stabilizes soluble iron ion and its reaction products, i.e., primarily Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: An orthophosphate salt and sodium silicate, when used in a 3:1 ratio by weight, and in a concentration of 0.1 to 100 mg/L, are found to have a synergistic effect in controlling the corrosion of carbon steel in an aqueous system, e.g., a municipal water supply system. The synergistic combination is also useful in reducing lead solubility and leaching, and in stabilizing soluble iron and manganese and their reaction products.

Abstract: Monofluorophosphate salts, especially sodium monofluorophosphate (Na.sub.2 PO.sub.3 F), when added to potable water sources in concentrations between 0.1 mg/L and 500 mg/L, significantly reduces lead (Pb) leaching into said water, producing the double benefit of reducing lead solubility and thus content in drinking water, while at the same time adding fluoride to that drinking water, with the anticaries benefit that fluoridation provides.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to an admixture, and its use in inhibiting scale and corrosion in aqueous systems, comprising:(a) a water-soluble polymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 25,000, as determined by low angle laser light scattering, comprising an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an unsaturated sulfonic acid, or their salts, having a ratio of 1:20 to 20:1, and(b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of water-soluble polycarboxylates, phosphonates, phosphates, polyphosphates, metal salts and sulfonates.The instant invention is also directed to a method of inhibiting the formation of insoluble alluvial, metal oxide and metal hydroxide deposits in an aqueous system, comprising adding to the system at least 0.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in aqueous systems comprising adding to the system being treated an effective amount of a composition comprising a molybdate ion source and a water-soluble component selected from polymaleic acid anhydride, amine adducts of polymaleic anhydride, maleic anhydride copolymers, carboxylic acid/sulfonic acid polymers, salts of the above-described polymers, phosphonates, phosphino carboxylic acids, polyphosphoric acid and esters of polyphosphoric acid.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing metal ions in recirculating water systems is disclosed. This method utilizes 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid at a dosage of 0.1-100 ppm to solubilize metal ions thereby reducing deposition and corrosion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method to stabilize aluminum ions in recirculating water systems comprising adding to the system 0.1 to 1,000 ppm of a water-soluble polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.05 to 2.5 dl/g in 1.0 M NaCl, prepared from:(A) 35 to 90%, by weight, of an unsaturated carboxylic compound selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, their salts and mixtures thereof; and(B) 10 to 65%, by weight, of an unsaturated sulfonic compound selected from the group consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, their salts and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to an admixture, and its use in inhibiting scale and corrosion in aqueous systems, comprising:(a) a water-soluble polymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 25,000, as determined by low angle laser light scattering, comprising an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an unsaturated sulfonic acid, or their salts, having a ratio of 1:20 to 20:1, and(b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of water-soluble polycarboxylates, phosphonates, phosphates, polyphosphates, metal salts and sulfonates.The instant invention is also directed to a method of inhibiting the formation of insoluble alluvial, metal oxide and metal hydroxide deposits in an aqueous system, comprising adding to the system at least 0.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a composition useful for inhibiting precipitation of calcium oxalate in aqueous systems comprising: (a) a water soluble phosphate, phosphonate or phosphinate; and (b) a water soluble polyelectrolyte wherein the ratio of component (a) to component (b) ranges from 10:1 to 1:10.The instant invention is further directed to a method of inhibiting the precipitation and deposition of calcium oxalate scale in an aqueous system, comprising adding to said system an effective amount of the above described composition, wherein said aqueous system has a pH greater than or equal to 2.0.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion of low carbon steel in an aqueous system comprising treating said system with 1.0 to 300 parts per million by weight of the total aqueous content of said system, of a composition comprising aminomethylphosphonic acid compounds and polymaleic anhydride or amine adducts thereof in a weight ratio of from 10:1 to 1:10.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous system comprising treating said system with 1.0 to 300 parts per million by weight of the total aqueous content of said system, of a composition comprising polyphosphate and polymaleic anhydride or amine adducts thereof in a weight ratio of from 10:1 to 1:10.

Abstract: Use of amino tris(methylene phosphonic acid) and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid in a ratio of from about 1:1 to about 3:1 by weight to inhibit corrosion of low carbon steel in aqueous systems.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion and scale formation in an aqueous system is disclosed which comprises the step of treating the said system with 0.1 to 500 parts per million by weight of the total aqueous content of the said system, of a composition which comprises amine adducts of maleic anhydride polymers and which may additionally include zinc.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion and scale formation in an aqueous system is disclosed which comprises the step of treating the said system with 0.1 to 500 parts per million by weight of the total aqueous content of the said system, of a composition which may additionally include zinc and which comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of:Polymers having recurring units of the formula: ##EQU1## WHEREIN M.sup.+ may be H.sup.+, alkali metal cation, or quaternary ammonium cation of the formula: ##EQU2## wherein for all of the above formulas, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of from one to 10 carbon atoms, and substituted alkyl of from one to 10 carbon atoms, where the substituent is hydroxyl; carbonyl; and carboxylic acid groups, and alkali metal ion and ammonium salts thereof; andWherein n is an integer of from 2 to 100; and polymers having recurring units of the formula: ##EQU3## WHEREIN R.sub.