Abstract: An electrochemical cell for producing metal and chlorine from metal ore and a metal chloride includes a cathode, an anode, and a separator. A catholyte includes (i) water, (ii) a metal hydroxide comprising Q, where Q is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or a combination thereof, and (iii) suspended metal ore particles comprising MxOy where M is a metal and x and y are integers. An anolyte includes (i) water and (ii) a metal chloride comprising Q. An electrowinning process for producing metal and chlorine includes applying a voltage across the electrochemical cell to effect reduction of the MxOy in the cathode compartment to provide the metal M and oxidation of chloride ions in the anode compartment to form Cl2 gas.