Abstract: Apparatus and method for detecting strings attached to bills or other forms of payment in a currency validator. In one implementation a string fraud detector uses polarized light to detect a string. In another implementation, polarized light and light in a different range of wavelengths are used to detect a string.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for detecting strings attached to bills or other forms of payment in a currency validator. In one implementation a string fraud detection means uses polarized light to detect a string. In another implementation, polarized light and light in a different range of wavelengths are used to detect a string.

Abstract: An optical head (4) for sensing banknotes using six different groups of light sources, namely LEDs generating light at six different wavelengths both in the visible range of the spectrum and in the infra-red range of the spectrum. Unitary light guides (16,18) define the path between linear arrays (8,10) of the LEDs and the surface of a banknote (2). Diffusely reflected light is separately collected by a pin diode detector array (12). Both the LEDs and the detectors are commonly mounted on a single printed circuit board (14). The light sources (8,10) are arranged to shine directly into the light-receiving end of each light guide, which are unitary and allow the light to mix and spread within in order to provide a homogeneous illumination. The detectors (12) are optically isolated and detect discrete areas on the banknote transport path.

Abstract: An inviolable closing device for a container comprises a tightly fitting collar having a plastic film which collar fits tightly over the neck of the container and cannot be removed without the destruction thereof. Over the collar with its integral film is placed a cap which may mate with the neck of the container in a conventional manner.