Abstract: A laminated ratchet tool includes a laminated ratchet head defining an internal gear and a pawl mechanism carried by the ratchet head and including two laminated pawls arranged for ratcheting engagement with the gear teeth. Each of the laminated parts includes a plurality of plates arranged in a congruent stack and fixedly secured together, as by brazing. Each plate is formed by stamping and has plural orienting structures stamped therein, each such structure being a displaced portion which forms a recess at one side of the plate and a projection extending from the other side of the plate, so that the projections on one plate mate in the recesses of an adjacent plate to facilitate alignment of the plates. The ratchet head includes toothed inner plates which define the internal gear and untoothed outer plates which define bearing surfaces for the pawl mechanism.

Abstract: A vise having two spaced-apart end plates and a plurality of tie rods extending therebetween for accurately and firmly retaining the plates in a fixed spaced-apart positioning. Two workpiece clamping jaws are supported relative to the plates, and a force applicator is connected to one of the jaws and is within the confines of the connectors or tie rods between the plates for applying the clamping force within the boundaries of the tie rods for absolute accuracy and strength. The vise can be clamped to a worktable in one of two positions for positioning the workpiece either vertically or horizontally. A split retainer ring is utilized for the accurate assembly of the tie rods and the plates.

Abstract: A flow meter system having the components of a meter with a housing and a rotator and a sensor thereon, and an electronic digital counter and an electric timer are connected with the sensor, all for determining the quantity of flow of fluid through the meter. The sensor is a radio frequency type and the rotor has a metallic piece which disturbs the radio wave in effecting the counting of the revolutions of the rotor.