Abstract: The invention relates to nano-particles comprising metallic ferromagnetic nanocrystals combined with either amorphous or graphitic carbon in which or on which chemical groups are present that can dissociate in aqueous solutions. According to the invention there is provided nano-particles comprising metal particles of at least one ferromagnetic metal, which metal particles are at least in part encapsulated by graphitic carbon. The nano-particles of the invention are prepared by impregnating carbon containing bodies with an aqueous solution of at least one ferromagnetic metal precursor, drying the impregnated bodies, followed by heating the impregnated bodies in an inert and substantially oxygen-free atmosphere, thereby reducing the metal compounds to the corresponding metal or metal alloy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a magnetocaloric lattice element formed by fibres of magnetocaloric material, wherein the fibres are arranged in respective parallel lattice planes, each fibre having a respective mass of magnetocaloric material, the fibres of a given lattice plane do not contact each other but each fibre of a given lattice plane is attached to at least two fibres in a next neighbouring lattice plane, and wherein the magnetocaloric lattice element exhibits exactly one predominant mass-weighted direction of longitudinal fibre extension. When arranged in alignment of its predominant mass-weighted direction of longitudinal fibre extension with an external magnetic field, the magnetocaloric lattice element achieves an advantageous, particularly high magnetization of the magnetocaloric material, and as a consequence improves the performance of the magnetocaloric cooling device.

Abstract: A magnetocaloric cascade containing at least three different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures, which are arranged in succession by descending Curie temperature, wherein none of the different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures has a higher layer performance Lp than the magnetocaloric material with the highest Curie temperature and wherein at least one of the different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures has as lower layer performance Lp than the magnetocaloric material with the highest Curie temperature wherein Lp of a particular magnetocaloric material being calculated according to formula (I): Lp=m*dTad,max with dTad,max: maximum adiabatic temperature change which the particular magnetocaloric material undergoes when it is magnetized from a low magnetic field to high magnetic field during magnetocaloric cycling, m: mass of the particular magnetocaloric material contained in the magnetocaloric cascade.

Abstract: The invention relates to nano-particles comprising metallic ferromagnetic nanocrystals combined with either amorphous or graphitic carbon in which or on which chemical groups are present that can dissociate in aqueous solutions. According to the invention there is provided nano-particles comprising metal particles of at least one ferromagnetic metal, which metal particles are at least in part encapsulated by graphitic carbon. The nano-particles of the invention are prepared by impregnating carbon containing bodies with an aqueous solution of at least one ferromagnetic metal precursor, drying the impregnated bodies, followed by heating the impregnated bodies in an inert and substantially oxygen-free atmosphere, thereby reducing the metal compounds to the corresponding metal or metal alloy.

Abstract: In a method for producing form bodies for heat exchangers, comprising a thermomagnetic material, said form bodies having channels for passage of a fluid heat exchange medium, a powder of the thermomagnetic material is introduced into a binder, the resulting molding material is applied to a carrier by printing methods, and the binder and if appropriate a carrier are removed subsequently and the resulting green body is sintered.

Abstract: A magnetocaloric material of the general formula (I) (MnxFe1-x)2+u P1-y-zSiyBz wherein 0.25?x?0.55, 0.25?y?0.65, 0<z?0.2?0.1?u?0.05, and y+z?0.7.

Abstract: A magnetocaloric material of the general formula (I) (MnxFe1-x)2+uP1-y-zSiyBz wherein 0.55?x?0.75, 0.4?y?0.65, 0.005?z?0.025, ?0.1?u?0.05.

Abstract: A magnetocaloric material of the general formula (I) (MnxFe1-x)2+uP1-y-zSiyBz wherein 0.55?x?0.75, 0.25?y<0.4, 0.05<z?0.2, ?0.1?u?0.05.

Abstract: An open-cell porous shaped body for heat exchangers, and process for making same, comprising a thermomagnetic material selected from, for example, a compound of the general formula (I): (AyB1?y)2+?CwDxEz??(I) where A is Mn or Co; B is Fe, Cr or Ni; at least two of C, D and E are different, have a non-vanishing concentration and are selected from P, B, Se, Ge, Ga, Si, Sn, N, As and Sb, where at least one of C, D and E is Ge or Si; ? is a number from ?0.1 to 0.1; and w, x, y, z are each a number from 0 to 1, where w+x+z=1.

Abstract: A magnetocaloric cascade containing at least three different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures, which are arranged in succession by descending Curie temperature, wherein none of the different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures has a higher layer performance Lp than the magnetocaloric material with the highest Curie temperature and wherein at least one of the different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures has as lower layer performance Lp than the magnetocaloric material with the highest Curie temperature wherein Lp of a particular magnetocaloric material being calculated according to formula (I): Lp=m*dTad,max with dTad,max: maximum adiabatic temperature change which the particular magnetocaloric material undergoes when it is magnetized from a low magnetic field to high magnetic field during magnetocaloric cycling, m: mass of the particular magnetocaloric material contained in the magnetocaloric cascade.

Abstract: A magnetocaloric cascade containing at least three different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures, which are arranged in succession by descending Curie temperature, wherein none of the different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures has a higher layer performance Lp than the magnetocaloric material with the highest Curie temperature and wherein at least one of the different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures has as lower layer performance Lp than the magnetocaloric material with the highest Curie temperature wherein Lp of a particular magnetocaloric material being calculated according to formula (I): Lp=m*dTad,max with dTad,max: maximum adiabatic temperature change which the particular magnetocaloric material undergoes when it is magnetized from a low magnetic field to high magnetic field during magnetocaloric cycling, m: mass of the particular magnetocaloric material contained in the magnetocaloric cascade.

Abstract: What are described are magnetocaloric materials of the general formula (MnxFe1?x)2+zP1?ySiy where 0.55?x<1 0.4?y?0.8 ?0.1?z?0.1.

Abstract: Provided is a packed heat exchanger bed composed of thermomagnetic material particles having a mean particle diameter of 50 ?m to 1 mm. The packed bed has porosity of 30-45%. A thermomagnetic material is a metal containing material such as (AyB1-y)2+?CwDxEz, La(FexAl1-x)13Hy or La(FexSi1-x)13Hy, La(FexAlyCoz)13 or La(FeSiyCoz)13, LaMnxFe2-xGe, Heusler alloys, Gd5(SixGe1-x)4, Fe2P-based compounds, manganites of the perovskite type, Tb5(Si4-xGex), XTiGe, Mn2-xZxSb, or Mn2ZxSb1-x, wherein A- E, P, and Z represent various metal atoms.

Abstract: Provided is a packed heat exchanger bed composed of thermomagnetic material particles having a mean particle diameter of 50 ?m to 1 mm. The packed bed has porosity of 30-45%. A thermomagnetic material is a metal containing material such as (AyB1?y)2+?CwDxEz, La(FexAl1?x)13Hy or La(FxSi1?x)13Hy, La(FexAlyCoz)13 or La(FexSiyCoz)13, LaMnxFe2?xGe, Heusler alloys, Gd5(SixGe1?x)4, Fe2P-based compounds, manganites of the perovskite type, Tb5(Si4?xGex), XTiGe, Mn2?xZxSb, or Mn2ZxSb1?x, wherein A-E, P, and Z represent various metal atoms.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the removal of contaminating sulfur compounds, more in particular thiophenic sulfur compounds, from hydrocarbon feedstocks, said process comprising contacting the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen with a sulfided nickel adsorbent, of which adsorbent the rate constant for tetralin hydrogenation activity at 150° C. is less than 0.01 l/s.g cat and wherein in said adsorbent part of the nickel is present in the metallic form.

Abstract: A magnetocaloric cascade containing at least three different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures, which are arranged in succession by descending Curie temperature, wherein none of the different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures has a higher layer performance Lp than the magnetocaloric material with the highest Curie temperature and wherein at least one of the different magnetocaloric materials with different Curie temperatures has as lower layer performance Lp than the magnetocaloric material with the highest Curie temperature wherein Lp of a particular magnetocaloric material being calculated according to formula (I): Lp=m*dTad,max with dTad,max: maximum adiabatic temperature change which the particular magnetocaloric material undergoes when it is magnetized from a low magnetic field to high magnetic field during magnetocaloric cycling, m: mass of the particular magnetocaloric material contained in the magnetocaloric cascade.

Abstract: The invention relates to nano-particles comprising metallic ferromagnetic nanocrystals combined with either amorphous or graphitic carbon in which or on which chemical groups are present that can dissociate in aqueous solutions. According to the invention there is provided nano-particles comprising metal particles of at least one ferromagnetic metal, which metal particles are at least in part encapsulated by graphitic carbon. The nano-particles of the invention are prepared by impregnating carbon containing bodies with an aqueous solution of at least one ferromagnetic metal precursor, drying the impregnated bodies, followed by heating the impregnated bodies in an inert and substantially oxygen-free atmosphere, thereby reducing the metal compounds to the corresponding metal or metal alloy.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the purification of benzene feedstock containing contaminating sulfur compounds, more in particular thiophenic sulfur compounds, said process comprising contacting the benzene feedstock in the presence of hydrogen with a sulfided nickel adsorbent, wherein in said adsorbent part of the nickel is present in the metallic form, and subsequently contacting the said feedstock with a supported metallic copper adsorbent.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the purification of benzene feedstock containing contaminating sulfur compounds, more in particular thiophenic sulfur compounds, said process comprising contacting the benzene feedstock in the presence of hydrogen with a sulfided nickel adsorbent, wherein in said adsorbent part of the nickel is present in the metallic form, and subsequently contacting the said feedstock with a supported metallic copper adsorbent.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the hydrogenation of hydrocarbon resins in the presence of a precious metal catalyst, wherein the hydrogenation is performed in the additional presence of at least one metal oxide, capable of reacting with sulfide and/or halogen.