Abstract: Apparatus for separating air comprising a device for breaking up a jet of cryogenic liquid in a gas flow, comprising a supply pipeline for the cryogenic liquid having an inside diameter greater than or equal to 10 mm, and a gas pipe of circular section, with a diameter d, the gas pipe comprising a portion having a reduction in diameter by a ratio of 20 to 50% at the point of injection of liquid and over a distance y wherein: y=n×d and wherein the supply pipeline penetrates the gas pipe such that its end is in the portion of the pipe having the reduction in diameter and n is between 7 and 9.

Abstract: An apparatus (having at least one burner having a plurality of co-axial channels and a control system for regulating a length of a flame for partial oxidation of hydrocarbon feed in a reactor is provided. The at least one burner has a first channel to inject a stream of oxidizer, a second channel to inject a stream of the hydrocarbon feed and a third channel to inject a stream of swirl gas at a first velocity into the hydrocarbon feed stream. The control system regulates the length of the flame to have a constant flame shape and position by regulating the first velocity of the swirl gas that generates the swirl motion within the hydrocarbon feed stream.

Abstract: Method of operating a long direct-fired inclined counterflow rotary kiln for the thermal treatment of material and counterflow rotary kiln adapted for same, whereby material to be treated is introduced into the kiln at the inlet end and treated material is evacuated from the kiln at the outlet end, whereby a main combustion zone extends inside the kiln over a distance of ¼ to ? of the internal length Lint of the kiln, whereby a supplementary combustion zone in which supplementary combustion takes place with an oxygen-rich oxidant extends inside the kiln over a distance from the inlet end of at most ¼ of the internal length Lint, and whereby no combustion takes place in a heat exchange zone located between the main combustion zone and the supplementary combustion zone.

Abstract: Method of operating a long direct-fired inclined counterflow rotary kiln for the thermal treatment of material and counterflow rotary kiln adapted for same, whereby material to be treated is introduced into the kiln at the inlet end and treated material is evacuated from the kiln at the outlet end, whereby a main combustion zone extends inside the kiln over a distance of ¼ to ? of the internal length Lint of the kiln, whereby a supplementary combustion zone in which supplementary combustion takes place with an oxygen-rich oxidant extends inside the kiln over a distance from the inlet end of at most ¼ of the internal length Lint, and whereby no combustion takes place in a heat exchange zone located between the main combustion zone and the supplementary combustion zone.

Abstract: A furnace for performing an endothermic process comprises tubes containing a catalyst for converting a gaseous feed, said tubes positioned inside the furnace, inner burners mounted to a furnace roof between the tubes, and outer burners mounted to the furnace roof between the tubes and a furnace wall. The outer burners are positioned close to the furnace wall, and configured to operate with 45-60% of the power of the inner burners and with an inlet velocity between 90 to 110% of the inlet velocity of the inner burners.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heating a charge using a flame generated by a lance and/or a burner, characterized in that, in a first phase, the flame is directed towards the charge and in that, in a second phase, the flame is directed more or less parallel to the charge.

Abstract: A furnace for performing an endothermic process comprises tubes containing a catalyst for converting a gaseous feed, said tubes positioned inside the furnace, inner burners mounted to a furnace roof between the tubes, and outer burners mounted to the furnace roof between the tubes and a furnace wall. The outer burners are positioned close to the furnace wall, and configured to operate with 45-60% of the power of the inner burners and with an inlet velocity between 90 to 110% of the inlet velocity of the inner burners.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for generating heat energy includes injecting a stream having a concentration of at least 50% oxygen (O2 stream) into a primary gas stream through a mixer, the mixer discharging the O2 stream as two or more spaced jets traversing the primary stream, thereby enriching the primary gas stream. The method further includes mixing fuel with the enriched primary gas stream, thereby forming a fuel stream; and combusting the fuel stream, thereby forming a flue gas stream.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for melting raw material in an electric arc furnace using a flame of variable direction, the apparatus comprising a burner and a lance whereby the lance outlet opening and the burner outlet opening are not concentric and are located at a distance from one another, and whereby the lance axis forms an angle with the burner axis in the range from 10° to 40.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for generating heat energy includes injecting a stream having a concentration of at least 50% oxygen (O2 stream) into a primary gas stream through a mixer, the mixer discharging the O2 stream as two or more spaced jets traversing the primary stream, thereby enriching the primary gas stream. The method further includes mixing fuel with the enriched primary gas stream, thereby forming a fuel stream; and combusting the fuel stream, thereby forming a flue gas stream.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for generating heat energy includes injecting a stream having a concentration of at least 50% oxygen (O2 stream) into a primary gas stream through a mixer, the mixer discharging the O2 stream as two or more spaced jets traversing the primary stream, thereby enriching the primary gas stream. The method further includes mixing fuel with the enriched primary gas stream, thereby forming a fuel stream; and combusting the fuel stream, thereby forming a flue gas stream.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for melting raw material in an electric arc furnace using a flame of variable direction, the apparatus comprising a burner and a lance whereby the lance outlet opening and the burner outlet opening are not concentric and are located at a distance from one another, and whereby the lance axis forms an angle with the burner axis in the range from 10° to 40.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for injecting a multiple-phase jet with a variable direction and/or opening, by the fluidic interaction between the multiple-phase jet and one or more actuation jets.

Abstract: Burner comprising at least one passage for injecting at least a primary jet, such as a jet of oxidant and/or fuel and/or of a premix of oxidant and fuel, and means of injecting at least one secondary jet of fluid opening into said passage, the interaction between the primary jet and the at least one secondary jet making it possible to vary the direction and/or the size of the flame. Use of said burner for heating a charge with the variable-direction and/or variable-size flame.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for injecting at least one jet of fluid, in which the direction and/or opening of at least one of the jets may be variable, comprising means of injecting at least one main fluid jet, means for injecting at least one secondary fluid jet, and means for causing at least one main fluid jet to interact with at least one secondary fluid jet and producing a fluid jet resulting from this interaction whose direction and/or opening are variable; as well as the associated method; and the uses of these.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heating a charge using a flame generated by a lance and/or a burner, characterized in that, in a first phase, the flame is directed towards the charge and in that, in a second phase, the flame is directed more or less parallel to the charge.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for generating heat energy includes injecting a stream having a concentration of at least 50% oxygen (O2 stream) into a primary gas stream through a mixer, the mixer discharging the O2 stream as two or more spaced jets traversing the primary stream, thereby enriching the primary gas stream. The method further includes mixing fuel with the enriched primary gas stream, thereby forming a fuel stream; and combusting the fuel stream, thereby forming a flue gas stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combustion process for burning a fuel, in which the point of injection of each main oxidizer jet (7, 8) with respect to the point of injection of a fuel jet (4) closest to it is arranged a distance D away satisfying the following relation: D A > 5 ⁢   ⁢ and / or ⁢   ⁢ D B > 5 D being the minimum distance between the outer edge of the relevant oxidizer jet (7, 8) and the outer edge of the fuel jet (4) closest to it, at their respective points of injection, A and B being, respectively, the cross section of the main jet (7, 8) of the oxidizer and the cross section of the fuel jet, considered at their respective points of injection.

Abstract: Combustion process in a furnace comprising a floor on which a charge to be heated is placed, and a roof lying above the charge, in which process the combustible fluid and the oxidizer fluid are injected separately between the surface of the charge and the roof, characterized in that the oxidizer and the fuel are injected at two different levels and in that the ratio of the impulsive forces (m.sub.2.v.sub.2 /m.sub.1.v.sub.1) of the combustible and oxidizer fluids is greater than or equal to approximately 1/3, m.sub.1 being the mass flow rate of the top fluid and v.sub.1, its velocity of injection into the furnace, m.sub.2 being the mass flow rate of the bottom fluid and v.sub.2 its velocity of injection into the furnace.

Abstract: The injector comprises a duct (31) through which a liquid fuel which forms a film lining its wall, and an atomizing fluid, are transmitted to its downstream part, from where the fuel is sprayed, forming a mist with the atomizing fluid.The downstream part has, from the duct (31) towards the free end of the injector, a chamber (32) for destabilizing the film which has a cross section that is larger than that of the duct, a throat (33) for detaching the film extending the destabilization chamber and having a cross section that is smaller than that of this chamber, and a spray orifice (34) which is open at the end of the injector, into which the throat opens, and which has a larger cross section.Use: heating furnaces, especially glass furnaces.