Abstract: A process for producing sheets, in which a free-radically crosslinkable coating composition (K) which after crosslinking to completion gives a transparent coating (KE) is applied to a backing sheet (T), a coating (KT), dried but not yet crosslinked to completion, is produced from the coating composition (K), on (KT) a pigmented coating (PB) is produced and optionally on (PB) a tiecoat is applied, the crosslinkable coating composition (K) comprising a free-radically crosslinkable component (KK) based on urethane acrylate and containing carbamate and/or biuret and/or allophanate and/or urea and/or amide groups, (KK) having a number-average molecular weight of from 1000 to 50 000 g/mol, having a double bond content of from 1.0 to 5.

Abstract: A process for producing sheets, in which a free-radically crosslinkable coating composition (K) which after crosslinking to completion gives a transparent coating (KE) is applied to a backing sheet (T), a coating (KT), dried but not yet crosslinked to completion, is produced from the coating composition (K), on (KT) a pigmented coating (PB) is produced and optionally on (PB) a tiecoat is applied, the crosslinkable coating composition (K) comprising a free-radically crosslinkable component (KK) based on urethane acrylate and containing carbamate and/or biuret and/or allophanate and/or urea and/or amide groups, (KK) having a number-average molecular weight of from 1000 to 50 000 g/mol, having a double bond content of from 1.0 to 5.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for producing a multilayer sheet as well as uses thereof. In one embodiment, a process for producing a multilayer sheet S by coating a carrier sheet with a pigmented basecoat film, if desired, a second pigmented basecoat film, and a clearcoat. The process comprises: applying a pigmented basecoat material to the carrier sheet and adjusting the film la to a residual volatiles content “x” less than 10% by weight, to give a film 1b. A surface of the film 1b is adjusted to a temperature of <50° C. If desired, a second pigmented basecoat material or the pigmented basecoat material is applied to the film 1b to give a film 2a, and adjusting the film 2a to a residual volatiles content “y” of <10% by weight, based on the basecoat film. If appropriate, the films 1b and 2b are adjusted to a temperature of <50° C. at a surface of the film 2b.

Abstract: A method of determining direction-dependent properties of coatings, in which measurements of coating properties are made along a test track (4a, 4b) on a sample coating using one or more measuring instruments and at least one measurement is recorded in relation to direction (6). The course of the sample coating is such that there are points of identical coat thickness (2) with different coat-thickness gradients (5) along the test track.

Abstract: In a method of determining the shade stability of paints, the total color difference &Dgr;E(FT) between the color at the film thickness FT and the color at a predetermined film thickness FT0 is measured for different film thicknesses FT. Subsequently, the slope &sgr;(FT) of the plot &Dgr;E(FT) is determined, which represents a useful parameter for the shade stability. Alternatively to &sgr;(FT), it is also possible to determine the limiting film thickness FTlim at which the total color difference &Dgr;E(FT) passes below a predetermined limit. The method of determining the shade stability is additionally employed in order to optimize paint formulations.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring coated test panels, the test panels (2) being taken from a feed magazine (1) by a gripping and moving device, e.g. a laboratory robot, placed on a measuring station (9) and, finally, transferred to a delivery station (5). In the measuring station (9) measurement of the various properties of the coating is carried out by the laboratory robot (3) using various measuring devices (4). This process can in particular involve spatial resolution and electronic recording. The test panels can furthermore be distinguished by a bar code system which is recorded and evaluated electronically.

Abstract: Laboratory drier for the simulation of industrial lacquer drying installations, containing an irradiation space with IR emitters and a convection space adjacent to this and having ventilated and heated drying gases.

Abstract: Particle fluidization method in which particles are swirled up by a flow of a fluidizing gas to form a fluidized bed and pressure measurements are performed in or along the fluidized bed, and in which a parameter for the distribution of the measured values from these pressure measurements is determined and is used as a basis for regulating the flow rate of the stream of fluidizing gas.

Abstract: A process for obtaining hydrogen and oxygen from water in a two stage process including a first electrolysis stage performed in a two chamber cell wherein the chambers are separated by a membrane. Iodine is introduced into the cathodic chamber and hydrogen iodide is formed therein. Oxygen is formed in the anodic chamber and is removed as a product. The membrane conducts hydrogen ions and prevents the passage of the products HI and oxygen. In a second phase, hydrogen iodide is separated and removed from the cathodic chamber and is thermally decomposed into hydrogen and iodine. The iodine is recycled to the cathodic chamber and the hydrogen is recovered as a product.