Abstract: A multi-circuit, hydraulically open brake system includes a first pressure generator assigned to a main system with a first energy supply and a first evaluation and control unit (ECU), and is connectable via a first shut-off valve to wheel brake(s) of a first brake circuit and via a second shut-off valve to wheel brake(s) of a second brake circuit. A second pressure generator is assigned to a secondary system which includes a second energy supply and a second ECU, and is connectable via a third shut-off valve to wheel brake(s) of the first brake circuit and via a fourth shut-off valve to wheel brake(s) of the second brake circuit. The second ECU controls the second pressure generator. Components of the modulation unit for individual brake pressure modulation are assigned to the main system, and the components are controlled by the first ECU and are supplied by the first energy supply.

Abstract: A device for detecting a geometry of a drop arranged on a sample surface includes a metering apparatus comprising a liquid reservoir and an outlet opening and a plurality of light sources configured to direct light onto a surface of the drop of liquid. A camera is configured to detect a reflection of the light from the surface of the drop of liquid. The device includes a housing including a recess that forms a cavity that is configured to be separated from external surroundings when the housing is arranged on the sample surface. The plurality of light sources are arranged in the cavity and cover a solid angle of at least ?/2 sr when viewed from a point on the sample surface. At least a portion of the metering apparatus is positioned inside the cavity.

Abstract: A method for analyzing an interaction between a sample surface and a drop of liquid comprises applying the drop of liquid to the sample surface and illuminating the drop of liquid using at least two light sources. The at least two light sources are each arranged at a light source position surrounding the drop of liquid. Light reflected from the drop of liquid detecting and a sensor position on a sensor of a camera is determined for each detected light reflection. Light source positions are assigned to individual light source positions. A position of the drop of liquid is calculated relative to the sensor and an item of size information of the drop of liquid is determined. The position and the item of size information are calculated from the pairs of one sensor position and one associated light source position.

Abstract: A method for analyzing an interaction between a sample surface and a drop of liquid comprises applying the drop of liquid to the sample surface and illuminating the drop of liquid using at least two light sources. The at least two light sources are each arranged at a light source position surrounding the drop of liquid. Light reflected from the drop of liquid detecting and a sensor position on a sensor of a camera is determined for each detected light reflection. Light source positions are assigned to individual light source positions. A position of the drop of liquid is calculated relative to the sensor and an item of size information of the drop of liquid is determined. The position and the item of size information are calculated from the pairs of one sensor position and one associated light source position.

Abstract: A voltage supply system for supplying an electric consumer with an electric target voltage and an electric target energy, with a plurality of automotive traction battery modules. Each automotive traction battery module has an electric actual voltage and an electric actual energy. The automotive traction battery modules are interconnected dependent on the electric target voltage, the electric actual voltage, the electric target energy, and the electric actual energy in series connections and/or in a parallel connection to form at least one traction battery module group.

Abstract: A voltage supply system for supplying an electric consumer with an electric target voltage and an electric target energy, with a plurality of automotive traction battery modules. Each automotive traction battery module has an electric actual voltage and an electric actual energy. The automotive traction battery modules are interconnected dependent on the electric target voltage, the electric actual voltage, the electric target energy, and the electric actual energy in series connections and/or in a parallel connection to form at least one traction battery module group.

Abstract: A contact angle measurement apparatus includes a liquid reservoir arrangement, a drop dosing device in fluid communication with the liquid reservoir arrangement and adapted for applying a liquid drop onto a sample surface, an illuminating device for illuminating each drop applied by the drop dosing device and disposed on the surface from a first side, and an image recording device for recording an image of each applied drop disposed on the surface. A liquid pressurizing system is adapted to pressurize liquid from the liquid reservoir arrangement, and a controller connected to the valve of each drop dosing device and to the liquid pressurizing system, which controls the operation of the liquid pressurizing system and, for each drop dosing device, opening and closing of the respective valve to apply a drop of the respective liquid from the respective liquid line to the surface in a jet of pressurized liquid.

Abstract: Gaseous perfluorocarbons in a waste gas are adsorbed by an adsorption device. Subsequently a decomposition of the perfluorocarbons takes place with formation of hydrogen fluoride. The hydrogen fluoride is converted with an oxide of a metal to be reduced, to the metal fluoride thereof. The metal fluoride formed is then fed again to the reduction process.

Abstract: A sensor is provided for measuring the concentration of a fluorocarbon in the offgas during molten salt electrolysis of metal compounds. The measurement takes place at time intervals of less than 10 seconds and a controller initiates reduction in an electrolysis voltage if a fluorocarbon limit value of 25 ppm is exceeded.

Abstract: A method for synthesising a rare earth element by a redox reaction. The starting material side of the reaction for synthesising the rare earth element includes a rare earth compound, in which the rare earth element is present in a positive oxidation state, and hydrogen. The redox reaction takes place in two stages. First, a hydration reaction takes place between an elementary rare earth element and hydrogen to form a rare earth hydride. Then, a reaction takes place between the rare earth compound and the rare earth hydride. An elementary rare earth element and a hydrogen-containing compound are produced at the same time as the product of the reaction.

Abstract: Between an anode and a cathode, a salt melt containing a metal ion is separated from the anode by a gap across which an electric arc can be formed. The metal ion is deposited on the anode and subsequently removed.

Abstract: A contact angle measurement apparatus includes a liquid reservoir arrangement, a drop dosing device in fluid communication with the liquid reservoir arrangement and adapted for applying a liquid drop onto a sample surface, an illuminating device for illuminating each drop applied by the drop dosing device and disposed on the surface from a first side, and an image recording device for recording an image of each applied drop disposed on the surface. A liquid pressurizing system is adapted to pressurize liquid from the liquid reservoir arrangement, and a controller connected to the valve of each drop dosing device and to the liquid pressurizing system, which controls the operation of the liquid pressurizing system and, for each drop dosing device, opening and closing of the respective valve to apply a drop of the respective liquid from the respective liquid line to the surface in a jet of pressurized liquid.

Abstract: A drop on a sample surface in a gaseous environment has a curved surface with a symmetry axis and a defined volume. To determine the contact angle, an object is imaged based on the reflection property of the surface of the drop, the position of the object with respect to the optical axis of an optical measuring system and the position of the object with respect to the sample surface, with the symmetry axis of the drop being arranged in or in the vicinity of the optical axis. The distance between the image and the optical axis of the drop is measured. The radius of curvature of the drop is determined based on the measured distance, and the contact angle is determined from the radius of curvature.

Abstract: A drop on a sample surface in a gaseous environment has a curved surface with a symmetry axis and a defined volume. To determine the contact angle, an object is imaged based on the reflection property of the surface of the drop, the position of the object with respect to the optical axis of an optical measuring system and the position of the object with respect to the sample surface, with the symmetry axis of the drop being arranged in or in the vicinity of the optical axis. The distance between the image and the optical axis of the drop is measured. The radius of curvature of the drop is determined based on the measured distance, and the contact angle is determined from the radius of curvature.

Abstract: In the field of electronic reproduction technology, an apparatus for clamping and holding a printing plate on the surface of an exposure drum in a printing plate exposer includes a clamping apparatus for the front edge of the printing plate. The clamping apparatus has actuating elements that are accommodated in the interior of the exposure drum. Only the clamping bars that clamp the printing plate fixedly protrude slightly beyond the drum surface. Terminating elements are provided for holding the rear edge of the printing plate, which terminating elements can be displaced in the suction grooves of the drum surface and primarily restrict the vacuum that draws the printing plate onto the drum surface to the surface below the printing plate. Additionally, the terminating elements are provided with a roof element that protrudes beyond the rear edge of the printing plate and, thus, encloses the rear edge in the gap between the roof element and the exposure drum without, however, clamping it fixedly.

Abstract: A multi-way radiation monitoring and detection system is capable of detecting a radiation source on or within traffic that can travel within M adjacent traffic ways, where M is an integer equal to or greater than a value of 2. The radiation detection system comprises a set of (M+1) radiation detector assemblies with individual radiation detector assemblies of the set of (M+1) radiation detector assemblies respectively positioned at each of two sides of each of the M adjacent traffic ways. A set of M controllers is included and each controller is associated with a respective traffic way of the M adjacent traffic ways. Each controller is coupled to the respective individual radiation detector assemblies positioned at the two sides of the traffic way to which that controller is associated, such that two controllers associated with two adjacent traffic ways couple to the individual radiation detector assembly positioned between those two adjacent traffic ways.

Abstract: A multi-way radiation monitoring and detection system is capable of detecting a radiation source on or within traffic that can travel within M adjacent traffic ways, where M is an integer equal to or greater than a value of 2. The radiation detection system comprises a set of (M+1) radiation detector assemblies with individual radiation detector assemblies of the set of (M+1) radiation detector assemblies respectively positioned at each of two sides of each of the M adjacent traffic ways. A set of M controllers is included and each controller is associated with a respective traffic way of the M adjacent traffic ways. Each controller is coupled to the respective individual radiation detector assemblies positioned at the two sides of the traffic way to which that controller is associated, such that two controllers associated with two adjacent traffic ways couple to the individual radiation detector assembly positioned between those two adjacent traffic ways.

Abstract: An apparatus for the laser processing of workpieces with shortened processing time. Two laser units that can be simultaneously operated are directed towards each other. Workpieces, for example printed circuit boards, are moved between the two laser units such that the two sides of the workpieces are simultaneously processed. As a result the processing time is considerably shortened.

Abstract: Positioning arms for positioning and assembling systems are subjected to high accelerations and must therefore be made lightweight but nevertheless resistant to bending and twisting. The use of composite materials based on metal or ceramic foams and non-expanded materials for positioning arms in positioning and assembling systems allows these positioning arms to be lightweight and nevertheless to have high rigidity. Semifinished products are arranged in the non-expanded material, since a better connection between the semifinished product and material is ensured there than in the metal or ceramic foam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mounting device on hardware or fittings, especially shelves and holders, which contain at least one base part which is to be fastened to a wall or the like and which has a bearing surface which can be pressed onto the base part and completely conceals it in the installed state. To create a theft-proof connection between these parts two kinds of fastening means are used. The one fastening means associated with the fully installed state of the cover part prevents, in the assembled state, any even partial unintentional separation of the cover part from the base part, and in the separated state permits the cover part to be removed completely. The other fastening means does permit a partial removal of the cover part from the base part in the assembled state, and complete removal in the separated state, but is accessible only when the cover part is in an at least partially removed state of the cover part which can be achieved only after the release of the first fastening means.