Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing N,N?-carbonyldiazoles by reacting azoles with phosgene.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing N,N?-carbonyldiazoles by reacting azoles with phosgene in halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, the entirety of the azole for reaction being introduced in the solvent, followed by the addition of phosgene.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing N,N?-carbonyldiazoles by reacting azoles with phosgene in halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, the entirety of the azole for reaction being introduced in the solvent, followed by the addition of phosgene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoronicotinic acid by hydrolyzing 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoro-3-cyanopyridine by (a) dissolving 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoro-3-cyanopyridine at 70 to 90° C. in sulfuric acid having a concentration of 90 to 99% by weight and hydrolyzing the 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoro-3-cyanopyridine at 70 to 100° C. to the corresponding carboxamide, (b) cooling the resultant reaction mixture to a temperature in the range from 10 to 65° C., (c) metering in water until the concentration of sulfuric acid is 55 to 75% by weight (calculated relative to the sulfuric acid employed in stage (a) and the water employed in stage (c)) while keeping the temperature between 30 and 65° C. during the addition of the first quarter of the water and keeping the temperature between 50 and 80° C. during the addition of the second quarter of the water, and (d) completing hydrolysis of the resultant mixture to 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoronicotinic acid at 70 to 110° C.

Abstract: The process according to the invention can be illustrated by way of example by the following equation: The monosodium salt of the 3-cyano-2-hydroxy-5-fluoropyrid-6-one (cf. Formula (I)) and/or tautomers thereof are preferably employed in the process according to the invention. The use of a basic catalyst enables significantly lower amounts of chlorinating agent to be employed in the chlorination according to the invention than is necessary, for example, for chlorination of the free dihydroxy compound according to EP-A 333 020. Furthermore, the product 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoronicotinonitrile is obtained in a high purity and high yields after hydrolysis, which is not the case if the conditions according to EP-A 333 020 are applied. Basic catalysts which can be used for the process according to the invention are, for example, organic bases, for example aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides, and also inorganic bases, for example basic compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus and salts thereof.

Abstract: Optionally substituted ODOP is obtained by reaction of optionally substituted o-phenylphenol with PCl.sub.3 in the presence of Lewis acids at elevated temperature in a first stage, with according to the invention an excess of at least 0.05 mol of PCl.sub.3 per mol of o-phenylphenol being maintained during the entire reaction time, and, after removal of the PCl.sub.3, by hydrolysis in a second stage using 1-2 mol of H.sub.2 O per chlorine equivalent of the product of the first stage at 50.degree.-150.degree. C. and with removal of HCl and residual H.sub.2 O.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of substituted cycloalkylidene bisphenols from phenols and special cycloalkanones in the presence of acid condensation catalysts and in the presence of water.