Abstract: A commercially-suitable tricholine nasal formulation for administration to a human as a nasal spray is disclosed. The tricholine nasal formulation includes an aqueous solution of tricholine citrate, a volatile oil and a buffer system. The disclosed tricholine nasal formulation possesses an acceptable odor and a reasonable shelf-life. The tricholine nasal formulation may be used to treat the symptoms associated with stress, anxiety, depression, malaise, or “burn out” syndrome. Optionally, a moisturizer is included in the composition to alleviate any dryness resulting from administration of the formulation to a user. A preservative may be included in the composition to produce a longer shelf-life.

Abstract: A temperature-measuring instrument especially for measuring high temperatures in pressure reactors. It comprises a sheathed thermocouple which is mounted in an inner ceramic element which is closed at one end. This inner element is inserted into a molybdenum element which is also closed at the same end and is surrounded in turn by an outer ceramic element. The annular space between the molybdenum element and the ceramic element is filled with a pressed ceramic mass. A flanged joint joins the molybdenum element to a ball joint which is in turn joined via bellows to a pressure-resistant bushing.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell, such as a solar cell, is provided which has a higher output voltage than prior cells. The improved cell includes a substrate of doped silicon, a first layer of silicon disposed on the substrate and having opposite doping, and a second layer of silicon carbide disposed on the first layer. The silicon carbide preferably has the same type of doping as the first layer.

Abstract: An ink composition for deposition upon the surface of a semiconductor device to provide a contact area for connection to external circuitry is disclosed, the composition comprising an ink system containing a metal powder, a binder and vehicle, a metal frit, and a fluxing agent. The ink is screened onto the semiconductor surface in the desired pattern and is heated to a temperature sufficient to cause the metal frit to become liquid. The metal frit dissolves some of the metal powder and densifies the structure by transporting the dissolved metal powder in a liquid sintering process. A two-step heating process may be used, the first step serving to activate the fluxing agent to prepare the semiconductor surface. The sintering process may be carried out in various types of atmospheres depending upon the metal powder utilized. A small amount of dopant, semiconductor material or a semiconductor-dopant eutectic alloy powder may be added to the ink system.

Abstract: An ink composition for deposition upon the surface of a semiconductor device to provide a contact area for connection to external circuitry is disclosed, the composition comprising an ink system containing a metal powder, a binder and vehicle, and a metal frit. The ink is screened onto the semiconductor surface in the desired pattern and is heated to a temperature sufficient to cause the metal frit to become liquid. The metal frit dissolves some of the metal powder and densifies the structure by transporting the dissolved metal powder in a liquid sintering process. The sintering process typically may be carried out in any type of atmosphere. A small amount of dopant or semiconductor material may be added to the ink systems to achieve particular results if desired.

Abstract: The invention concerns a humidity or moisture sensor, with a relatively thick sensitive monolithic ceramic volume. The sensitive volume is defined by a porous ceramic material with multiple electrodes buried therein in parallel planes which extend substantially entirely across two dimensions of the structure. Moisture entering the porous crystalline matrix is subjected to a high electric field giving rise to a current which is a function of the ambient moisture. By virtue of the inert ceramic surface and the buried precious metal electrodes, the device is sensitive, fast, yet electrically, chemically, thermally and mechanically stable.