Abstract: An explosion-proof housing having external walls, which enclose a housing interior so as to be proof against ignition penetration relative to an atmosphere at risk of explosion. At least one insert is arranged in at least one outer wall. The insert facilitates a gas flow between the housing interior and an environment around the housing. The at least one insert is configured in such a way that a gas flow having a sufficient mass flow or volumetric flow rate is permitted, but a flow connection which is proof against ignition penetration is produced. Attached to the outer wall having the at least one insert is a guiding means which together with the relevant outer wall delimits a flow channel. The flow channel defines a main flow direction of a main gas flow through the flow channel substantially parallel to the directly adjoining outer wall. In this way, the gas exchange between the environment and the housing interior can be improved and facilities arranged in the housing interior can be cooled.

Abstract: A detector system which can be switched between single photon counting and charge integrating mode depending on the application, the photon flux and energy. Although the space for electronics in a pixel or strip detector system is very limited (as each channel is limited by the pixel size), the reconfiguration of the analog chain and the logic/counter in this smart way yields to have a detector system allowing both modes of operation and, therefore, effectively combining the characteristics of an Eiger® single photon counting system and a Jungfrau® charge integrating pixel detector system into one single detector. Depending on the application, the flux and the photon energy, the operator is enabled to switch between single photon counting and charge integrating mode of operation.

Abstract: A system counts photon interactions in an array of photosensitive diodes and addresses the issue of improving position resolution. Every photo-detector diode of the array is connected to a readout unit cell containing a high-gain charge-to-voltage amplifier, a shaper, at least two comparators with independent thresholds and at least one interpixel communication logic, receiving as input signals from comparator outputs of the same readout unit cell and of the neighboring readout unit cells. This logic is then connected to at least one counter, each counter followed by a counter readout. By means of the digital interpixel communication logic and the set of comparators with different thresholds in every readout unit cell, it is possible to determine the photon hit position in the detector with a higher position resolution than the physical photo-detector size including the removal of the corner effect in pixel detectors.

Abstract: A system counts photon interactions in an array of photosensitive diodes and addresses the issue of improving position resolution. Every photo-detector diode of the array is connected to a readout unit cell containing a high-gain charge-to-voltage amplifier, a shaper, at least two comparators with independent thresholds and at least one interpixel communication logic, receiving as input signals from comparator outputs of the same readout unit cell and of the neighboring readout unit cells. This logic is then connected to at least one counter, each counter followed by a counter readout. By means of the digital interpixel communication logic and the set of comparators with different thresholds in every readout unit cell, it is possible to determine the photon hit position in the detector with a higher position resolution than the physical photo-detector size including the removal of the corner effect in pixel detectors.

Abstract: A detector system which can be switched between single photon counting and charge integrating mode depending on the application, the photon flux and energy. Although the space for electronics in a pixel or strip detector system is very limited (as each channel is limited by the pixel size), the reconfiguration of the analog chain and the logic/counter in this smart way yields to have a detector system allowing both modes of operation and, therefore, effectively combining the characteristics of an Eiger® single photon counting system and a Jungfrau® charge integrating pixel detector system into one single detector. Depending on the application, the flux and the photon energy, the operator is enabled to switch between single photon counting and charge integrating mode of operation.

Abstract: A pedal for a motor vehicle is provided, having a pedal arm with at least one first resetting spring and with a friction system comprising a separate friction element and a friction surface of the base part corresponding to the separate friction element. The friction system features a rocker arranged in a rotatable manner on the base part and the at least one first resetting spring is arranged between the separate friction element and the rocker. The separate friction element is connected in a pressure-transmitting manner with the pedal arm by the at least one first resetting spring and at least one connection element. At least one second resetting spring is arranged between one bearing part connected in a pressure-transmitting manner with the pedal arm by the at least one connection element and the base part or the rocker.

Abstract: A cutter head (10) for a hair cutting machine, having an upper blade (14) and a lower blade (12) that is adjustable relative to the upper blade using an actuating element (100), having a support (32) with an adjusting element (16) which is adjustable relative to the support using the actuating element (100) and which carries out a relative movement between the upper blade and the lower blade in the direction of cutting. The actuating element can be selectively placed in one of two opposite side areas of the support for actuating the adjusting element connected to the lower blade (12). The actuating element (100) is removably connected to a shaft (62), mounted in the support (32), having a first element. The adjusting element is a second element having, in the cross-section, a U- and/or C-shape, the transverse or base limb being connected to the lower blade (12).

Abstract: In order to provide a pedal for a motor vehicle in which restoration of the pedal arm to its rest position is improved, it is proposed that a friction system has a rocker and the first return spring is disposed between the separate friction element and the rocker such that when the pedal arm moves in the direction of its maximum actuation position, the rocker is pressed against a friction surface of the separate friction elements in a friction force-generating manner, wherein the separate friction element is connected to the pedal arm in a compressive force-transmitting manner by means of the at least one first return spring, a bearing part for a second return spring, and a connecting element, and wherein the second return spring is disposed between the bearing part and the base part or the bearing part and the rocker.

Abstract: In order to provide a pedal for a motor vehicle in which restoration of the pedal arm to its rest position is improved, it is proposed that a friction system has a rocker and the first return spring is disposed between the separate friction element and the rocker such that when the pedal arm moves in the direction of its maximum actuation position, the rocker is pressed against a friction surface of the separate friction elements in a friction force-generating manner, wherein the separate friction element is connected to the pedal arm in a compressive force-transmitting manner by means of the at least one first return spring, a bearing part for a second return spring, and a connecting element, and wherein the second return spring is disposed between the bearing part and the base part or the bearing part and the rocker.

Abstract: For improving the current transfer during the electrolytic metallization of workpieces, a method is proposed: (a) providing a metal depositing apparatus 17, in which the workpiece, at least one anode 40, 41 and a metal deposition electrolyte AE are arranged and which has a device for electric current generation 60 and at least one current feeding device 31 with in each case at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 for making electrical contact with the workpiece; (b) bringing the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 into contact with the workpiece; and (c) feeding electric current to the workpiece via the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 in order that the deposition metal deposits on the workpiece. Before method step (b), in a further method step (d), deposition metal is deposited on the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cutter head (10) for a hair cutting machine, having an upper blade and a lower blade (12) that can be adjusted with respect to the upper blade by means of an actuating element, comprising a support with an adjusting element which can be adjusted with regard to the support by means of the actuating element (100) and which carries out a relative movement between the upper blade and the lower blade in the direction of cutting. The actuating element can be selectively placed in one of two opposite side areas of the support for actuating the adjusting element that is connected to the lower blade (12). The actuating element (100) can be removably connected to a shaft (62) mounted in the support (32) or to a first element protruding therefrom. The adjusting element is a second element having, in the cross-section, a U and/or C-shape, the transverse or base limb being connected to the lower blade (12).

Abstract: An X ray detector with single photon measurement capabilities includes a layer of photosensitive material and an N×M array of photo-detector diodes in the layer of photosensitive material. The photo-detector diodes have a bias potential interface and a diode output interface. An N×M array of high gain, low noise readout unit cells are assigned to the photo-detector diodes. Each readout unit cell has an input interface connecting the diode output interface to a high-gain charge-to-voltage amplifier with integration capacitors. The high-gain charge-to-voltage amplifier can switch between different gains. A comparator and a digital block monitors the charge of the integration capacitance and switches the gain depending from the monitored charge of the integration capacitance. The pixel detector provides the possibility of in pixel intermediate evaluation of an automatic gain switching circuit state to increase the dynamic range of the detector in case of quasi continuous incoming particle flux.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system for a land vehicle including a hydraulic connection between a master cylinder and wheel brakes that is established or blocked by valve arrangements in dependence upon trigger signals from an electronic control with the electronic control unit devised and programmed in such a way that, in order to set a brake pressure characteristic required for a specific vehicle behavior, the electronic control unit supplies trigger signals through which the setting of a respective brake pressure characteristic in two brake circuits in predefined pressure stages (delta-p) is staggered in terms of time by a substantially predefined time stage (delta-t).

Abstract: An X ray detector with single photon measurement capabilities includes a layer of photosensitive material and an N×M array of photo-detector diodes in the layer of photosensitive material. The photo-detector diodes have a bias potential interface and a diode output interface. An N×M array of high gain, low noise readout unit cells are assigned to the photo-detector diodes. Each readout unit cell has an input interface connecting the diode output interface to a high-gain charge-to-voltage amplifier with integration capacitors. The high-gain charge-to-voltage amplifier can switch between different gains. A comparator and a digital block monitors the charge of the integration capacitance and switches the gain depending from the monitored charge of the integration capacitance. The pixel detector provides the possibility of in pixel intermediate evaluation of an automatic gain switching circuit state to increase the dynamic range of the detector in case of quasi continuous incoming particle flux.

Abstract: For improving the current transfer during the electrolytic metallization of workpieces, a method is proposed: (a) providing a metal depositing apparatus 17, in which the workpiece, at least one anode 40, 41 and a metal deposition electrolyte AE are arranged and which has a device for electric current generation 60 and at least one current feeding device 31 with in each case at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 for making electrical contact with the workpiece; (b) bringing the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 into contact with the workpiece; and (c) feeding electric current to the workpiece via the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 in order that the deposition metal deposits on the workpiece. Before method step (b), in a further method step (d), deposition metal is deposited on the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35.

Abstract: For improving the current transfer during the electrolytic metallization of workpieces, a method is proposed: (a) providing a metal depositing apparatus 17, in which the workpiece, at least one anode 40, 41 and a metal deposition electrolyte AE are arranged and which has a device for electric current generation 60 and at least one current feeding device 31 with in each case at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 for making electrical contact with the workpiece; (b) bringing the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 into contact with the workpiece; and (c) feeding electric current to the workpiece via the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 in order that the deposition metal deposits on the workpiece. Before method step (b), in a further method step (d), deposition metal is deposited on the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35.

Abstract: A single photon counting detector system has a layer of photosensitive material and an N×M array of photo-detector diodes. Each photo-detector diode has a bias potential interface and a diode output interface. The bias potential interface is connected to bias potential. An N×M array of high gain, low noise readout unit cells is provided, one readout unit cell for each photo-detector diode. Each readout unit cell has an input interface connected to the diode output interface, a high-gain voltage amplifier with an integration capacitor at least two parallel lines of digital counters, each having a comparator with an individually selectable threshold and a gateable section to determine the counting intervals of the digital counters. A multiplexer allows access to the readout cell unit either on a per pixel basis or for several pixels in parallel to read out the digital counter to a data processor transferring the data off chip.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for process integration may comprise providing a business logic layer that hosts business object(s), providing process broker(s), providing adapter(s) and providing a process broker handler. Each process broker may perform process integration tasks by dynamically determining whether, when and/or how routines of the business logic layer need to be integrated with routines of a second application. Each adapter may be part of a first application and implement methods to perform communication protocol specific logic. Each adapter may also be interoperable with at least one of the process brokers and one of the business objects to transform a message exchanged between the process broker and the second application from an internal format to an external format or vice versa. The process broker handler may be operable to instantiate the process broker and to instantiate an adapter stored in association with the instantiated process broker.

Abstract: An X-ray detector contains a layer of photosensitive material and an N×M array of photo-detector diodes disposed in the photosensitive material. Each of the diodes has a bias potential interface and a diode output interface. The bias potential interface is connected to a bias potential. The X-ray detector further has an N×M array of high gain, low noise readout unit cells, one readout unit cell for each diode. Each cell contains an input interface connected to the diode output interface, a high-gain voltage amplifying device having an integration capacitor, a first switch in parallel to the integration capacitor and a sample/hold capacitor disposed between a second switch and third switch. The sample/hold capacitor is connectable to the voltage amplifying device via the second switch and is connectable to a signal output line. A multiplexer contains a row select and a column select circuit allowing access to each readout cell unit.

Abstract: For improving the current transfer during the electrolytic metallization of workpieces, a method is proposed: (a) providing a metal depositing apparatus 17, in which the workpiece, at least one anode 40, 41 and a metal deposition electrolyte AE are arranged and which has a device for electric current generation 60 and at least one current feeding device 31 with in each case at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 for making electrical contact with the workpiece; (b) bringing the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 into contact with the workpiece; and (c) feeding electric current to the workpiece via the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 in order that the deposition metal deposits on the workpiece. Before method step (b), in a further method step (d), deposition metal is deposited on the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35.