Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor component which is capable of blocking such as an (IGBT), a thyristor, a GTO or diodes, especially schottky diodes. An insulator profile section (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 11) provided in the border area of an anode metallic coating (1, 31) is fixed (directly in the edge area) on the substrate (9) of the component. The insulator profile has a curved area (KB) and a base area (SB), said curved area having a surface (OF) which begins flat and curves outward and upward in a steadily increasing manner. A metallic coating (MET1; 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 31b) is deposited on the surface (OF). Said coating directly follows the surface curvature and laterally extends the inner anode metallic coating. The upper end of the curved metallic coating (MET1; 30a, 30b . . . ) is distanced and insulated from one of these surrounding outer metallic coatings (MET2; 3) by the surrounding base area (SB) of the insulator profile (10a, . . .

Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor component which is capable of blocking such as an (IGBT), a thyristor, a GTO or diodes, especially schottky diodes. An insulator profile section (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 11) provided in the border area of an anode metallic coating (1, 31) is fixed (directly in the edge area) on the substrate (9) of the component. The insulator profile has a curved area (KB) and a base area (SB), said curved area having a surface (OF) which begins flat and curves outward and upward in a steadily increasing manner. A metallic coating MET1; 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 31b) is deposited on the surface (OF). Said coating directly follows the surface curvature and laterally extends the inner anode metallic coating. The upper end of the curved metallic coating (MET1; 30a, 30b . . . ) is distanced and insulated from one of these surrounding outer metallic coatings (MET2; 3) by the surrounding base area (SB) of the insulator profile (10a, . . .

Abstract: A bistable electrostatic actuator with pneumatic or liquid coupling. The actuator has enclosed metallic electrodes. It can be used for a microvalve or micropump. The actuator has buckled membrane sections in pairs and curved substrate electrodes, locally associated with said membrane sections.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for manipulating microscopic dielectric particles in which particles are exposed to an electric field. In disadvantaged processes the particles are exposed to inhomogeneous electric field and are polarized by them. The polarized particles are moved in the direction of higher field strength. These processes permit no reversal of the traveling direction of the particles. The particles are enriched at the electrode so that they cannot be retained in free space. In the invented process the particles are exposed to high-frequency field traveling in one or more prescribed direction, by which the particles are subject to a force which sets them in a motion that is strongly synchronous to the field. With the aid of a device for carrying out the invented process, the particles can be manipulated very flexibly.

Abstract: A valve arrangement including a micro-valve at an intake opening and a fuer valve at an output opening of a chamber connecting to a pressure-variable switching member, the valves being structured to maintain a closed state by an applied pressure difference. At least the micro-valve is provided with a closure member which can be energized to affect a change-over from one state to another. No energy is required to maintain the changed-over state.

Abstract: An ultra-miniaturized surface structure with controllable adhesion having extremely miniaturized (in the sub atomic range) planar electrode strips applied to the surface to which high frequency pulse trains may be applied to generate progressive or stationary standing waves. The electrodes in themselves are combined with dielectric insulating materials with controlled bio-compatibility. The type of electric drive, together with the properties of the surface layers that cover the electrodes, determines the adhesion properties of the surface to a large extent regardless of the used base material. Particle movement is gently influenced, so that for the first time it becomes possible to influence particles in highly physiological nutritive solutions.

Abstract: The device comprises a treatment laser and at least two diagnosis lasers of differing wavelengths, wherein a receiving means is allocated to each diagnosis laser. The signal of the receiving means is led to an electronic evaluation and control means. In the distal end section of the endosopic part of the device the light beams of all lasers are guided together.

Abstract: In the method proposed, microparticles suspended in a liquid or droplets suspended in a liquid with which they are immiscible are shaped by high-frequency electric fields in a three-dimensional electrode array of a size in the micrometer or submicrometer range and subsequently consolidated by prior art chemical bonding procedures or by physical methods. The disposition, geometry and control of the electrodes determine the shape of the particles. The particles themselves must have a conductivity and/or relative dielectric constant lower than the solution surrounding them. For some, this can be achieved only at certain frequencies in the kHz and MHz band which are determined by the passive electrical properties of the particles and the surrounding solution. The particles or droplets are repelled by the electrodes so that they are shaped in the free solution without making contact with any surface and can then be consolidated.

Abstract: A brake master cylinder (10) for a hydraulic vehicle brake system has a master cylinder housing (32) and at least one pressure chamber (40) designed therein. Connected to the pressure chamber (40) is a hydraulic fluid reservoir which, furthermore, is provided for connection to a precharge pump of a brake pressure regulating system. Moreover, the brake master cylinder (10) has a hydraulic fluid return connection (30) which makes a fluid connection between the delivery side of the precharge pump, the reservoir and the at least one pressure chamber (40). A throttle (60) is arranged in this liquid connection, said throttle not impeding a hydraulic fluid stream out of the reservoir into the at least one pressure chamber (40) and throttling a hydraulic fluid stream from the return connection (30) into the reservoir. The throttle (60) makes it possible to cause the precharge pump to act on the at least one pressure chamber (40), without an electromagnetic valve being interposed.

Abstract: For the fixated cryopreservation of single living biological objects or s objects compiled in a given number (for example cells) a cryogenically cooled substrate (13) is jetted therewith in a enveloping solution in microdroplet form (12) from a storage vessel, for example by means of a microdroplet jetting device (11). The substrate is temperature-controlled via a coolant (15), the surface to be jetted being located in a gas atmosphere or in vacuum (14). The substrate surface is maintained at a temperature T1 resulting in freezing of the impinging microdroplet, the substrate surface being possibly supportingly microstructured and comprising sensing elements. By controlled movement of either the substrate or the microdroplet jetting device the microdroplets can be applied singly and in patterns in arrays freely selectable or predetermined by the structuring of the substrate.

Abstract: A one-time-use camera comprising a main body part, and a cover part connected to the main body part which at least partially covers the main body part, is characterized in that a continuous line of weakness circumscribes a predetermined portion of the main body part or cover part to permit the predetermined portion to be broken away from the main body part or cover part along the continuous line of weakness and leave a hole in the main body part or cover part in the place of the predetermined portion, and the cover part is connected to the main body part at the predetermined portion to cause the predetermined portion to be broken away from the main body part or cover part when the main body part and the cover part are forcibly pulled apart.

Abstract: A motor vehicle automatic gear-change device in a change-speed gearbox is connected to a manual selector lever which is arranged in the region of the driver's seat. A mechanical interlock, which can be actuated by an electromagnet, can be caused to act on the selector lever to prevent changing into the reverse gear.

Abstract: A method of remanufacturing a one-time-use camera comprises the following steps. Forcibly pulling apart a main body part and a cover part of the camera sufficiently to cause a predetermined portion of the main body part or cover part to be broken away from the main body part or cover part along a continuous line of weakness which circumscribes the predetermined portion, to leave a hole in the main body part or cover part in the place of the predetermined portion. And closing the hole in the main body part or cover part to reuse the main body part or cover part.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microvalve usable primarily as a pilot lve in pneumatic controls. The prior art solenoid valves used in this field can be miniaturized only at considerably high cost. The microvalve of the invention consists of a first part (1), on the pressure side, with a diaphragm structure (3) as the movable closing component and a second part (2) with an outlet aperture (7) and a seat (5). The diaphragm structure has heating elements and is coated on one side with a material with differing coefficients of heat expansion, in such a way that heating causes the diaphragm to bend against the pressure applied on it. At least one of the two parts has a recess (6) of defined depth arranged in such a way that with the valve closed hollows are formed which are heated by the heating elements. The microvalve described can economically produced with semiconductor technology means and has improved switching properties on account of its combined thermo-mechanical/thermo-pneumatic method of operation.

Abstract: A method of separating mixtures of microscopic dielectric particles in sunsions in an apparatus for carrying the method. A mixture of particles is forced onto guide paths by dielectrophoretic forces or by a flow of the suspension medium with an additional force, which is provided to compensate the force causing the particles to move along the guide paths for specific particle species causing the specific particle species to be fed out from the mixture of particles. The apparatus may be integrated on surfaces of silicon wafers at low cost and in mass-production numbers, and is suitable for isolating minute particles such as biological cells, cell organelles, bio molecules as well as organic dielectric particles.

Abstract: Torsional vibration dampers for piston engines, particularly for motor vehicle engines, are mounted on the crankshaft of the engine in a torsionally resistant manner. The hub (2) bears a first flyring (3) which concentrically surrounds the hub and is connected to the outer surface of the hub (2) via a rubber spring device (5) acting in the peripheral direction. Furthermore, a second flyring is provided which is secured to the hub (2) via a rubber spring device (8), again acting in the peripheral direction. To allow a torsional vibration damper of this kind to damp all vibrations generated by the engine using simple means, the rubber spring device (5) bearing the first flyring (3) is rigid while the rubber spring device (8) of the second flyring (4), which is located radially outside the first flyring (3), is flexible.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dielectric motor which is driven by means of electric fields. The motor is distinguished by two or more dielectric rotors being disposed in a central region which is surrounded by several electrodes.The rotors may be made of different dielectric materials and be electrically axially asymmetric in design. They are driven by continuously or discontinuously rotating electric fields. Depending on the geometric and electric design, very variable rotation conditions can be achieved, which can be simply controlled via the frequency of the rotating fields. The motor is suited for switch and drive purposes and can be utilized to construct microdosing devices, pumps and valves.

Abstract: A device for locking an actuating lever of a shifting device of a gear-change mechanism of a motor vehicle, in a lever position associated with a particular shift state utilizes a swivellable locking element connected to a brake pedal via an adjusting linkage to be moved into a locking position by a restoring spring holding the brake pedal in the unactuated rest position. Depression of the brake pedal releases the actuating lever. The adjusting linkage contains a resiliently-acting intermediate member acting on the locking element control to position a counter-control cam into engagement with an actuator control cam to lock the actuator. When the actuating lever is actuated into a nonlockable lever position, the locking element is moved into a floating position against the spring force of the intermediate member, while the brake pedal remains essentially in a rest position by virtue of an enlargement of the effective length of the adjusting linkage.

Abstract: A master cylinder for an hydraulic pressure system has a pressure cylinder (1) on which is mounted a reservoir (11), the cylinder having an open end closed by a cap (3). The cap is positively coupled to the cylinder (1) by a coupling device (26) arranged so that resulting from pressure applied to the interior of the cap (3) is transmitted via said device to the cylinder.

Abstract: The present invention provides 1,6-naphthyridine derivatives of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or an unsubstituted or substituted condensed aromatic or heterocyclic ring system, R.sup.2 is a straight-chained or branched alkyl radical containing up to 4 carbon atoms, a benzyl radical or a straight-chained or branched, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl radical containing up to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, a straight-chained or branched alkyl radical or an alkoxycarbonyl radical, in each case containing up to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is a straight-chained or branched hydrocarbon radical containing up to 21 carbon atoms, which can also contain oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen or halogen atoms and is optionally substituted by carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring systems, or is an amino, cyano, formyl, halogenomethyl or dihalomethyl radical and R.sup.