Abstract: A leaf spring for a wheel suspension of a motor vehicle, comprises a first spring part made from a fiber reinforced plastic material and a second spring part made from a steel material. The first spring part and the second spring part are connected to each other. The ratio of the length of the first spring part to the length of the second spring part is larger than two. A leaf spring assembly can include such a leaf spring and receiving devices.

Abstract: A leaf spring for a wheel suspension of a motor vehicle, comprises a first spring part made from a fibre reinforced plastic material and a second spring part made from a steel material. The first spring part and the second spring part are connected to each other. The ratio of the length of the first spring part to the length of the second spring part is larger than two. A leaf spring assembly can include such a leaf spring and receiving devices.

Abstract: A process for producing plate springs or undulating springs wherein surface regions which are subjected to tensile stresses when the spring is under load are provided with an internal compressive stress in the boundary layer, wherein said surface regions are rollingly compressed by a ball or roller or subjected to tensile stress and compressed by shot peening.

Abstract: The invention relates to fixing means for fixing railway lines to sleepers or stretches of track, comprising an elastic rail clip (51) and a clip anchor element (31). According to the invention, the elastic rail clip (51) has retaining elements that can be inserted into the clip anchor element (31) and guided into the latter by being rotated about a rotational axis (D) and at least one pressure bow (52), which can be brought into pre-tensioned contact with the foot (24) of a railway line (21), when the elastic rail clip is rotated (51) about the rotational axis (D) in relation to the clip anchor element (31). The elastic rail clip (51) has essentially annular clip bows (55, 56) that act as the retaining elements and the clip anchor element (31) has guide elements (34) that are concentric with the rotational axis (D).

Abstract: The invention relates to fixing means for fixing railway lines to sleepers or stretches of track, comprising an elastic rail clip (51) and a clip anchor element (31). According to the invention, the elastic rail clip (51) has retaining elements that can be inserted into the clip anchor element (31) and guided into the latter by being rotated about a rotational axis (D) and at least one pressure bow (52), which can be brought into pre-tensioned contact with the foot (24) of a railway line (21), when the elastic rail clip is rotated (51) about the rotational axis (D) in relation to the clip anchor element (31). The elastic rail clip (51) has essentially annular clip bows (55, 56) that act as the retaining elements and the clip anchor element (31) has guide elements (34) that are concentric with the rotational axis (D).

Abstract: Axial corrugated spring comprising an annular spring band 11 which describes a corrugation line oscillating about a radial reference plane around the circumference, wherein the corrugation line has maxima 12, 13, 17 of different height and minima 14, 15, 16 of different height.

Abstract: A process for producing plate springs or undulating springs wherein surface regions which are subjected to tensile stresses when the spring is under load are provided with an internal compressive stress in the boundary layer, wherein said surface regions are rollingly compressed by a ball or roller or subjected to tensile stress and compressed by shot peening.

Abstract: An axially deformable spring washer bent so as to form a ring and joined at the circumference, wherein the spring washer is provided in the form of an undulating spring with a plurality of circumferentially formed peaks and troughs, or in the form of a plate spring with a conical shape and teeth at least one circumferential edge.

Abstract: A plate spring of a substantially circular-ring-shaped form having a substantially externally conical upper side (12) and a substantially internally conical underside (13) between which there are positioned an outer annular edge (14) and an inner annular edge (15), wherein, in the unloaded condition, the surface layer (17) of the underside (13) comprises a higher inherent compressive stress than the surface layer (16) of the upper side (12).

Abstract: Axial corrugated spring comprising an annular spring band 11 which describes a corrugation line oscillating about a radial reference plane around the circumference, wherein the corrugation line has maxima 12, 13, 17 of different height and minima 14, 15, 16 of different height.

Abstract: A plate spring of a substantially circular-ring-shaped form having a substantially externally conical upper side (12) and a substantially internally conical underside (13) between which there are positioned an outer annular edge (14) and an inner annular edge (15), wherein, in the unloaded condition, the surface layer (17) of the underside (13) comprises a higher inherent compressive stress than the surface layer (16) of the upper side (12).