Abstract: A tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) sensing element may include a free layer. The free layer of the TMR sensing element may include a first cobalt iron boron (CoFeB) layer, an interlayer over the first CoFeB layer, a second CoFeB layer over the interlayer, and a nickel iron (NiFe) layer over the second CoFeB layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a proportional magnet, including a winding carried by a coil body, two pole shoes which project into the coil body from opposite sides and which are spaced apart axially from one another, and a gap provided between the pole shoes. The invention further includes a magnet armature, which is arranged within the winding in an axially displaceable manner substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof. The axial movement of the magnet armature can be transmitted to a valve member. The invention still further includes an electrically conductive element, wherein the magnet armature can be moved through the element, wherein the element is formed from a basic body having an electrically conductive layer, and wherein the electrically conductive layer is applied separately to the basic body.

Abstract: Electrically controlled fuel injection systems should be able to operate at low voltage. In order to operate an electrically controlled fuel injection system at low voltage, the voltage available to an electrical actuator is monitored. The electrical actuator is coupled to a valve positioned within a passageway in which high pressure actuation fluid flows to and from an hydraulically actuated device, such as a fuel injector and/or an engine brake. If the voltage available to the electrical actuator falls below a predetermined voltage, the pressure differential across the valve is reduced. Although the principal application of the present invention is in the fuel injection system, the present invention has application in any electrically controlled fluid system at low voltage.

Abstract: A solenoid having increased axial force and low static friction on the armature is disclosed and provides an improved solenoid-driven hydraulic valve actuator. The solenoid includes a coil member, a pole piece having an inside surface with recessed and non-recessed portions to form an inner recess in the pole piece, an armature inside the pole piece, and a bearing held in the recess between the pole piece and armature, the bearing having an inner surface extending inwardly just beyond the inside surface of the pole piece non-recessed portion.

Abstract: A control system adapted to control an actuator between extended and retracted positions has a fluid control valve connected to the actuator a source of high pressure fluid and a reservoir. The fluid control valve is movable between a first position at which the actuator is connected back to the fluid reservoir adapted and a second position operable to connect the actuator to a high pressure actuation fluid source. An electronic control module is connected in control communication with the fluid control valve and adapted to automatically generate a control signal to position the control valve at the second position in response to an elapsed time being passed at which the fluid control valve is at the first position is greater than a predetermined time.

Abstract: Electrically controlled fuel injection systems should be able to operate at low voltage. In order to operate an electrically controlled fuel injection system at low voltage, the voltage available to an electrical actuator is monitored. The electrical actuator is coupled to a valve positioned within a passageway in which high pressure actuation fluid flows to and from an hydraulically actuated device, such as a fuel injector and/or an engine brake. If the voltage available to the electrical actuator falls below a predetermined voltage, the pressure differential across the valve is reduced. Although the principal application of the present invention is in the fuel injection system, the present invention has application in any electrically controlled fluid system at low voltage.

Abstract: A solenoid having increased axial force and low static friction on the armature is disclosed and provides an improved solenoid-driven hydraulic valve actuator. The solenoid includes a coil member, a pole piece having an inside surface with recessed and non-recessed portions to form an inner recess in the pole piece, an armature inside the pole piece, and a bearing held in the recess between the pole piece and armature, the bearing having an inner surface extending inwardly just beyond the inside surface of the pole piece non-recessed portion.

Abstract: A control system adapted to control an actuator between extended and retracted positions has a fluid control valve connected to the actuator a source of high pressure fluid and a reservoir. The fluid control valve is movable between a first position at which the actuator is connected back to the fluid reservoir adapted and a second position operable to connect the actuator to a high pressure actuation fluid source. An electronic control module is connected in control communication with the fluid control valve and adapted to automatically generate a control signal to position the control valve at the second position in response to an elapsed time being passed at which the fluid control valve is at the first position is greater than a predetermined time.

Abstract: An arrangement monitors the useful properties of pressure fluids (5) in fluid-technical installations. A plurality of measured variables, each representing a useful property of the pressure fluid, are determined by a plurality of sensors (13, 15, 17) which are combined with a pump (11) to form a structural unit which can be build into a tank (3) containing the pressure fluid. The sensors (13, 15, 17) are hydraulically connected in series with the pump (11).

Abstract: An electrical connector is comprised of an outer housing having a rack and pinion lever, where the outer housing can receive in sliding engagement an inner housing. The inner housing carries a plurality of receptacle contacts and a plurality of shunt contacts disposed above selected contacts. The shunt spring has a base wall including individual shunt contact springs having a projection which extends through a window of a central wall to make shunt contact with adjacent electrical terminals positioned therebeneath.

Abstract: A release member is pivotally mounted on the heel portion of a ski boot for swinging about a transverse horizontal axis. Control mechanism normally holds the release member in fixed relationship relative to the remainder of the boot for fitting in a safety ski binding but is actuated by force in excess of a predetermined force being exerted on the boot to unlock the release member to allow it to swing so as to release the ski boot from the binding.

Abstract: A ski-boot has a lower part, receiving the foot, with an instep plate engaging over the instep of the foot, and a boot leg which, for walking, is swingable on the lower part of the boot about an axis of rotation, extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the lower part of the boot and arranged in the heel region, between a vorlage position and an approximately upright position. In order to lock the leg of the boot in the vorlage position, a locking device with a manually actuable stop lever is proposed which in the locking position, by way of a thrust bolt, wedge, eccentric or the like extending substantially perpendicularly to the instep plate, loads the instep plate and secures the leg of the boot in the vorlage position and which in the release position releases both the instep plate and the leg of the boot.

Abstract: A spindle extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of a ski and parallel to the upper surface of the ski carries sole holder elements normally engaged against a ski boot to hold the ski boot on the ski. The spindle is disposed below the plane of the ski boot sole. If the ski boot exerts force in excess of a predetermined force against the sole holder elements either longitudinally or laterally of the ski, the sole holder elements swing forward about the axis of the spindle to below the plane of the ski boot sole to permit unimpeded movement of the boot. The spindle and the sole holder elements carried thereby are mounted on the ski for movement in a direction transversely of the ski. Release mechanism automatically permits the forward swinging movement of the sole holder elements when the spindle and sole holder elements have moved transversely of the ski a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A foot-plate for a ski-binding is intended for arrangement at a distance above the surface of a ski and carries the parts of the binding to grip the sole of a ski-boot at front and rear. The foot-plate is connectable to the ski by resilient members to be oscillatory in all directions in its own plane, and also preferably perpendicularly to the surface of the ski. The resilient members may take the form of inserts or bearers, and the foot-plate is advantageously recessed and in each of the recesses there is arranged a resilient member having an aperture for a connecting screw to pass therethrough. These resilient members at the front and rear sections of the foot-plate may have different degrees of resilience.

Abstract: This invention relates to a safety ski-binding of the kind comprising a heel binding and a front binding including sole-clamps to hold down the toe portion of the sole of a ski-boot. According to the invention, the sole-clamps are mounted to tilt about a pivot shaft which is arranged to extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ski, when mounted, below the plane of the bottom of the sole of the ski-boot, and they are capable of pivoting to a position in which they point forwards towards the point of the ski and are situated below the plane of the bottom of the sole of the boot. Moreover, each of the sole clamps has an abutment which retains the boot sole in the longitudinal direction of the ski, and a lug which retains the sole of the boot in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the sole, and furthermore the sole clamps are connected to a locking arrangement which permits them to perform their pivoting movement when a pressure threshold is exceeded.

Abstract: An asynchronous machine including a shaft, a rotor and a stator coaxial with the shaft is provided with a field coil having windings coaxial with and in a plane perpendicular to the machine shaft. The field coil is connectable to a variable DC source for controlling the magnetic flux in the machine. The output voltage of the machine can be controlled without changing the speed of rotation of the machine by controlling the current supplied to the field coil.

Abstract: This invention relates to ski-boots of the kind comprising a bottom part to carry the foot and an ankle cuff which is pivotable on said bottom part of the boot about a first pivot shaft extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the boot, both said bottom part and said ankle cuff being made from a rigid material. According to the invention, the ankle cuff has plane side-walls arranged parallel to and at a distance from one another which rest against the insides of plane side-walls sections of the bottom part of the boot which are respectively associated with them; the first pivot shaft connecting the ankle cuff and the bottom part of the boot is arranged above the sole of the boot and to the rear of an axis aligned with the ankle joint of the intended wearer, (i.e. 5 to 10 cms above the boot sole), and at the front end, the ankle cuff has a transverse pin orientated parallel to the first pivot shaft whose ends are guided in a guide track of curved configuration in the bottom part of the boot.

Abstract: This invention relates to ski bindings of the kind which comprise a heel binding for fixing a ski boot heel to a ski, and a front binding having pivotally mounted toe clamps which are capable of releasing themselves from the ski boot toe when the pressure exerted by the boot on such toe clamps exceeds a certain amount. According to this invention the toe clamps are movable toward the point of the ski and free themselves from the ski to release the ski boot only in response to a forward pressure in the longitudinal direction of the ski.The invention also consists in such a binding when associated in combination with a ski.

Abstract: This invention relates to closure systems of the kind comprising a closure member such as a window or door movable within a fixed frame consisting of two frame-like parts which have a gap between them and are connected together by connector members such as dowels or spacers, and comprising sealing and locking strips which are displaceably mounted in said gap in said fixed frame, said strips being guided by guide slots and guide connector members and each being insertable in a guide groove in the closure member. According to the invention, said strips contain said guide slots and said connector members are arranged to act as guide connector members to hold said parts at a distance from one another.

Abstract: Two sole clips are mounted on rods received in guide sleeves extending longitudinally of a ski, which guide sleeves are pivoted for swinging relative to the ski. A spring resists swinging of the sleeves relative to the ski, and another spring resists forward reciprocation of the rods in the guide sleeves. Under overstress conditions between a ski boot and the ski, the forward force on the sole clips will slide the rods forward in the guide sleeves and swivel one of the sole clips relative to its guide sleeve to release such clip from the boot sole for automatically freeing the boot from the ski.