Abstract: A method for determining optical properties of a sample material includes: determining a first intensity of light in a first polarization state that was reflected by the sample material; determining a second intensity of the light in a second polarization state that was reflected by the sample material; forming the ratio between the first intensity and the second intensity, or vice versa. Further, an apparatus for determining optical properties of a sample material, comprising at least one detector device for determining a first intensity of light in a first polarization state that was reflected by the sample material and for determining a second intensity of the light in a second polarization state that was reflected by the sample material and at least one computing unit for forming the ratio of the first intensity and the second intensity, or vice versa.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the quantitative determination of contaminants in the form of fatty acid esters in jet fuels, wherein the analyte is the fatty acid ester fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and/or the fatty acid ester fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), wherein the analyte undergoes a chemical reaction which is selective for it and which influences the intensity for the carbonyl band of the respective ester group with the formation of a modified analyte and the variation in the concentration of analyte in the sample, which is the jet fuel together with FAME and/or FAEE, is measured using the reduction in the intensity of the carbonyl band and/or the increase in the concentration of the modified analyte is measured using the increase in the intensity of a band which is characteristic for the modification.

Abstract: A method and an interferometric device for spectroscopically or spectrometrically examining a sample, comprising: a) generating a laser beam having a wavelength, b) splitting the laser beam into a measurement beam and a reference beam, c) interacting the sample with the measurement beam, d) interacting a reference with the reference beam, e) overlaying the measurement beam and the reference beam, f) detecting a first output beam, g) detecting a second output beam, h) forming a differential signal between the first output signal and the second output signal, i) controlling the differential signal to a predefined target value, j) determining a refractive index of the sample from the adjustment of the phase difference between the measurement beam and the reference beam, k) repeating steps a) to j) for additional wavelengths of the laser beam.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the quantitative determination of contaminants in the form of fatty acid esters in jet fuels, wherein the analyte is the fatty acid ester fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and/or the fatty acid ester fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), wherein the analyte undergoes a chemical reaction which is selective for it and which influences the intensity for the carbonyl band of the respective ester group with the formation of a modified analyte and the variation in the concentration of analyte in the sample, which is the jet fuel together with FAME and/or FAEE, is measured using the reduction in the intensity of the carbonyl band and/or the increase in the concentration of the modified analyte is measured using the increase in the intensity of a band which is characteristic for the modification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the contactless determining of the speed of a fluid flow and the concentration of at least one analyte therein, wherein a) the flow speed is measured by means of laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) using tracer particles which pass through an interference fringe pattern in the intersection region of two coherent monochromatic light beams and thereby generate a scattered light signal; and b) the concentration of the at least one analyte is measured by means of Raman spectroscopy, wherein a monochromatic light beam is radiated in and the Raman spectrum of the light inelastically scattered on the analyte molecules in the flow is recorded; wherein c) a single light source is used for both the LDA and the Raman spectroscopy, such that both measurements are carried out in the intersection region of two two coherent light beams coming from the light source, wherein the speed is measured by photons elastically scattered onto the tracer particles, and the concentration is measured by p

Abstract: A photothermal interferometry apparatus and method for detecting a molecule in a sample, in particular for detecting a trace gas species, comprising: a Fabry-Perot interferometer with a first mirror, a second mirror and a first cavity for containing the sample extending between the first and the second mirror, a probe laser for passing a probe laser beam through the first cavity of the Fabry-Perot interferometer, an excitation laser for passing an excitation laser beam through the first cavity of the Fabry-Perot interferometer for exciting the molecule in the sample, and a photodetector unit for detecting the transmitted probe laser beam passed through the first cavity of the Fabry-Perot interferometer.

Abstract: A method and an interferometric device for spectroscopically or spectrometrically examining a sample, comprising: a) generating a laser beam having a wavelength, b) splitting the laser beam into a measurement beam and a reference beam, c) interacting the sample with the measurement beam, d) interacting a reference with the reference beam, e) overlaying the measurement beam and the reference beam, f) detecting a first output beam, g) detecting a second output beam, h) forming a differential signal between the first output signal and the second output signal, i) controlling the differential signal to a predefined target value, j) determining a refractive index of the sample from the adjustment of the phase difference between the measurement beam and the reference beam, k) repeating steps a) to j) for additional wavelengths of the laser beam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the contactless determining of the speed of a fluid flow and the concentration of at least one analyte therein, wherein a) the flow speed is measured by means of laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) using tracer particles which pass through an interference fringe pattern in the intersection region of two coherent monochromatic light beams and thereby generate a scattered light signal; and b) the concentration of the at least one analyte is measured by means of Raman spectroscopy, wherein a monochromatic light beam is radiated in and the Raman spectrum of the light inelastically scattered on the analyte molecules in the flow is recorded; wherein c) a single light source is used for both the LDA and the Raman spectroscopy, such that both measurements are carried out in the intersection region of two two coherent light beams coming from the light source, wherein the speed is measured by photons elastically scattered onto the tracer particles, and the concentration is measured by p

Abstract: A photothermal interferometry apparatus and method for detecting a molecule in a sample, in particular for detecting a trace gas species, comprising: a Fabry-Perot interferometer with a first mirror, a second mirror and a first cavity for containing the sample extending between the first and the second mirror, a probe laser for passing a probe laser beam through the first cavity of the Fabry-Perot interferometer, an excitation laser for passing an excitation laser beam through the first cavity of the Fabry-Perot interferometer for exciting the molecule in the sample, and a photodetector unit for detecting the transmitted probe laser beam passed through the first cavity of the Fabry-Perot interferometer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for FTIR absorption spectroscopy, having an ATR sensor (5) and at least one ultrasonic transmitter (10) for generating an ultrasonic field in the manner of a standing wave. The ATR sensor (5) and the ultrasonic transmitter (10) are connected to a mounting (4) which is provided for attachment in a wall (2) or cover of a reactor (3) and which is set up to hold the ATR sensor (5) and the ultrasonic transmitter (10) so that they freely project into the interior of the reactor (3) in the mounted state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for FTIR absorption spectroscopy, having an ATR sensor (5) and at least one ultrasonic transmitter (10) for generating an ultrasonic field in the manner of a standing wave. The ATR sensor (5) and the ultrasonic transmitter (10) are connected to a mounting (4) which is provided for attachment in a wall (2) or cover of a reactor (3) and which is set up to hold the ATR sensor (5) and the ultrasonic transmitter (10) so that they freely project into the interior of the reactor (3) in the mounted state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microfluid device for discharging a fluid or a mixture of fluids including a discharge channel, at least one main fluid supply channel which leads into at least one secondary supply channel which is essentially situated in the same plane as the discharge channel, and which leads laterally towards the discharge channel and, in turn, leads into an inlet channel situated above or below the discharge channel, the inlet channel entering into the discharge channel from its top or bottom side via at least one inlet opening. The at least one inlet channel has a cross-sectional shape which changes in the longitudinal direction and/or in that the at least one inlet opening has an opening width changing in the transverse direction of the discharge channel.

Abstract: A method of infrared-optically determining the concentration of at least one analyte in a liquid sample, wherein the infrared absorption of the analyte(s) is measured and compared with a standard, which is characterized in that the liquid sample is sampled with an infrared radiation of high light density, wherein the infrared radiation has a sharp intensity peak at at least one wave length, as well as an arrangement for the infrared-optical transmission determination of the concentration of at least one analyte in a liquid sample, with a sample cuvette flowed through by the sample liquid, the sample cuvette being arranged in the radiation path between a radiation source for providing the infrared radiation and a detector for measuring the infrared absorption induced by the analyte in the sample cuvette.

Abstract: A method of infrared-optically determining the concentration of at least one analyte in a liquid sample, wherein the infrared absorption of the analyte(s) is measured and compared with a standard, which is characterized in that the liquid sample is sampled with an infrared radiation of high light density, wherein the infrared radiation has a sharp intensity peak at at least one wave length, as well as an arrangement for the infrared-optical transmission determination of the concentration of at least one analyte in a liquid sample, with a sample cuvette flowed through by the sample liquid, the sample cuvette being arranged in the radiation path between a radiation source for providing the infrared radiation and a detector for measuring the infrared absorption induced by the analyte in the sample cuvette.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for monitoring biotechnological processes involving microorganisms, said method being characterized in that both the process medium and the microorganisms are directly spectroscoped in said medium by means of attenuated total reflection (ATR) at an ATR crystal whereby microorganisms come at least to a distance from the ATR crystal which corresponds to the evanescent field's depth of penetration, IR spectroscopy being carried out during this time interval, thereupon the microorganisms-containing medium being removed from the ATR crystal which then is washed and its contact is optionally renewed with the microorganisms-containing process medium, and moreover the invention relates to apparatus with which to carry out said method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of infrared-optically determining the concentration of at least one analyte in a liquid sample, wherein the infrared absorption of the analyte(s) is measured and compared with a standard, which is characterized in that the liquid sample is sampled with an infrared radiation of high light density, wherein the infrared radiation has a sharp intensity peak at at least one wave length, as well as an arrangement for the infrared-optical transmission determination of the concentration of at least one analyte in a liquid sample, with a sample cuvette flowed through by the sample liquid, the sample cuvette being arranged in the radiation path between a radiation source for providing the infrared radiation and a detector for measuring the infrared absorption induced by the analyte in the sample cuvette.