Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of substituted bis-4H-pyranonyl compounds in which the 4H-pyranonyl units are combined with heteroalkyl groups, in detergents and cleaning agents, for improving detergent or cleaning performance with respect to bleachable stains.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of substituted bis-4H-pyranonyl compounds in which the 4H-pyranonyl units are combined with heteroalkyl groups, in detergents and cleaning agents, for improving detergent or cleaning performance with respect to bleachable stains.

Abstract: A switch circuit includes at least a first and a second switch element connected in series and a switch control configured for providing control signals for switching the first and the second switch element, such that the control signals have a different timing and such that the first and the second switch element perform one joint switch function.

Abstract: The invention relates to a projectile (1), which has a projectile body (2) featuring a recess (5) for receiving an explosive, wherein the projectile body (2) has a rotation-symmetrical shell surface (7), at least in sections, which is surrounded, at least in sections, by several ring-shaped elements (8) provided with predetermined break points, wherein fragments (12) formed upon breakup of the elements (8) are predefined via the predetermined break points, said fragments (12) being connected to one another in a ring-shaped connecting portion (11) for forming the ring-shaped element (8), and the freely projecting ends (13) of the fragments (12) being at least partially arranged in a common orthogonal plane (13?) to a longitudinal axis (8?) of the ring-shaped element (8), wherein this orthogonal plane (13?) is arranged diverging from an orthogonal plane (11?) defined by the ring-shaped connecting portion (11), as well as to a corresponding ring-shaped element (8) for the projectile (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a projectile (1), which has a projectile body (2) featuring a recess (5) for receiving an explosive, wherein the projectile body (2) has a rotation-symmetrical shell surface (7), at least in sections, which is surrounded, at least in sections, by several ring-shaped elements (8) provided with predetermined break points, wherein fragments (12) formed upon breakup of the elements (8) are predefined via the predetermined break points, said fragments (12) being connected to one another in a ring-shaped connecting portion (11) for forming the ring-shaped element (8), and the freely projecting ends (13) of the fragments (12) being at least partially arranged in a common orthogonal plane (13?) to a longitudinal axis (8?) of the ring-shaped element (8), wherein this orthogonal plane (13?) is arranged diverging from an orthogonal plane (11?) defined by the ring-shaped connecting portion (11), as well as to a corresponding ring-shaped element (8) for the projectile (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a projectile (1), which has a projectile body (2) featuring a recess (5) for receiving an explosive, wherein the projectile body (2) has a rotation-symmetrical shell surface (7), at least in sections, which is surrounded, at least in sections, by several ring-shaped elements (8) provided with predetermined break points, wherein fragments (12) formed upon breakup of the elements (8) are predefined via the predetermined break points, said fragments (12) being connected to one another in a ring-shaped connecting portion (11) for forming the ring-shaped element (8), and the freely projecting ends (13) of the fragments (12) being at least partially arranged in a common orthogonal plane (13?) to a longitudinal axis (8?) of the ring-shaped element (8), wherein this orthogonal plane (13?) is arranged diverging from an orthogonal plane (11?) defined by the ring-shaped connecting portion (11), as well as to a corresponding ring-shaped element (8) for the projectile (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a projectile (1), which has a projectile body (2) featuring a recess (5) for receiving an explosive, wherein the projectile body (2) has a rotation-symmetrical shell surface (7), at least in sections, which is surrounded, at least in sections, by several ring-shaped elements (8) provided with predetermined break points, wherein fragments (12) formed upon breakup of the elements (8) are predefined via the predetermined break points, said fragments (12) being connected to one another in a ring-shaped connecting portion (11) for forming the ring-shaped element (8), and the freely projecting ends (13) of the fragments (12) being at least partially arranged in a common orthogonal plane (13?) to a longitudinal axis (8?) of the ring-shaped element (8), wherein this orthogonal plane (13?) is arranged diverging from an orthogonal plane (11?) defined by the ring-shaped connecting portion (11), as well as to a corresponding ring-shaped element (8) for the projectile (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a projectile (1), which has a projectile body (2) featuring a recess (5) for receiving an explosive, wherein the projectile body (2) has a rotation-symmetrical shell surface (7), at least in sections, which is surrounded, at least in sections, by several ring-shaped elements (8) provided with predetermined break points, wherein fragments (12) formed upon breakup of the elements (8) are predefined via the predetermined break points, said fragments (12) being connected to one another in a ring-shaped connecting portion (11) for forming the ring-shaped element (8), and the freely projecting ends (13) of the fragments (12) being at least partially arranged in a common orthogonal plane (13?) to a longitudinal axis (8?) of the ring-shaped element (8), wherein this orthogonal plane (13?) is arranged diverging from an orthogonal plane (11?) defined by the ring-shaped connecting portion (11), as well as to a corresponding ring-shaped element (8) for the projectile (1).

Abstract: A switch circuit includes at least a first and a second switch element connected in series and a switch control configured for providing control signals for switching the first and the second switch element, such that the control signals have a different timing and such that the first and the second switch element perform one joint switch function.

Abstract: A switching unit for an electrical switching device, in particular an electrical circuit breaker, is disclosed. The switching unit includes a switching lock with a switching mechanism and a rotor housing with a contact arm disposed therein for opening and closing contacts during a rotation of the rotor housing about a rotation axis. In an embodiment, at least one lever apparatus is functionally connected at its upper end by way of the switching mechanism and at its lower end by way of a connecting pin to a face of the rotor housing.

Abstract: For an apparatus which communicates data of a number of virtual lanes over a number of physical lanes, where the number of virtual lanes is different than the number of physical lanes and where a mapping between the virtual lanes and the physical lanes is not fixed, a method is provided for ascertaining the mapping between the virtual lanes and the physical lanes. The method includes: applying an impairment to a communication capability of one of the physical lanes so as to increase bit errors for data communicated via said one physical lane; determining a test bit error rate for each of the plurality of virtual lanes while the impairment is applied to the communication capability of the one physical lane; and ascertaining from the test bit error rates which of the virtual lanes is/are mapped to the one physical lane whose communication capability was impaired.

Abstract: A switching unit for an electrical switching device, in particular an electrical circuit breaker, is disclosed. The switching unit includes a switching lock with a switching mechanism and a rotor housing with a contact arm disposed therein for opening and closing contacts during a rotation of the rotor housing about a rotation axis. In an embodiment, at least one lever apparatus is functionally connected at its upper end by way of the switching mechanism and at its lower end by way of a connecting pin to a face of the rotor housing.

Abstract: A track-bound vehicle has a first and a second car coupled to one another and at least one sensor device for monitoring a region between the two coupled cars. In order to allow particularly reliable monitoring of the region between the two coupled cars, the at least one sensor device is an optical sensor system having at least one optical transmitter on the side of the first car directed at the region to be monitored and at least one optical receiver on the side of the second car. The sensor is implemented for outputting a detection signal if the light path between the at least one optical transmitter and the at least one optical receiver is interrupted.

Abstract: For an apparatus which communicates data of a number of virtual lanes over a number of physical lanes, where the number of virtual lanes is different than the number of physical lanes and where a mapping between the virtual lanes and the physical lanes is not fixed, a method is provided for ascertaining the mapping between the virtual lanes and the physical lanes. The method includes: applying an impairment to a communication capability of one of the physical lanes so as to increase bit errors for data communicated via said one physical lane; determining a test bit error rate for each of the plurality of virtual lanes while the impairment is applied to the communication capability of the one physical lane; and ascertaining from the test bit error rates which of the virtual lanes is/are mapped to the one physical lane whose communication capability was impaired.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for coating substrates with a carbon-based material, comprising the steps of at least partially coating a substrate with a polymer film on at least one outside surface of the substrate and carbonizing the polymer film in an atmosphere that is essentially free of oxygen at temperatures in the range of 200° C. to 2500° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for coating substrates with a carbon-based material, comprising the steps of at least partially coating a substrate with a polymer film on at least one outside surface of the substrate and carbonizing the polymer film in an atmosphere that is essentially free of oxygen at temperatures in the range of 200° C. to 2500° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for applying a defined amount of a coating material onto the surface of an implant by means of a printing process, in particular using a printing roller. The invention also relates to the use of a printing process, in particular a printing roller, for applying a defined amount of a coating material onto the surface of the implant to be coated and to correspondingly produce coated implants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of porous carbon-based material comprising the steps provision of a polymer film provided in the form of a sheet or a coating; as well as pyrolysis and/or carbonization of the polymer film in an atmosphere that is essentially free of oxygen at temperatures in the range of 80° C. to 3,500° C. The invention further relates to carbon-based material producible according to the method mentioned above.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing medical implants having functionalized surfaces by providing a medical implant with at least one carbon-based layer on at least one part of the surface of the implant, activating the carbon-based layer by creating porosity and functionalizing the activated carbon-based layer. This invention also relates to functionalized implants obtained in by this method.

Abstract: Implantable medical devices with biocompatible coatings and processes for their production are described. The present invention relates in particular to medical implantable devices coated with a carbon-containing layer which devices are produced by at least partially coating the device with a polymer film and heating the polymer film in an atmosphere which is essentially free from oxygen to temperatures in the region of 200° C. to 2500° C., a carbon-containing layer being produced on the implantable medical device.