Abstract: A device for closed-loop control of a plurality of state variables of a steam generator of a thermal power plant is provided. In order to achieve stable and exact closed-loop control of the plurality of state variables, a multi-variable control/controller controls the plurality of state variables and uses a linear quadratic controller for this multi-variable control/controller.

Abstract: A state observer for a steam generator of a thermal power plant is provided. Accordingly, provision is made for the state observer to be a multi-variable state observer which has a Kalman filter designed for linear-quadratic state feedback. The state observer can be used for validating measured variables of the steam generator of the thermal power plant, wherein measured variables of the steam generator are compared with output variables of the state observer.

Abstract: A method for controlling the temperatures of steam for a steam power plant is provided. A state controller, in order to output a desired steam temperature as a controlled variable, feeds back several steam states in a superheater for superheating steam using a monitor, which calculates the steam states, and the desired steam temperature is forwarded to a further controller for controlling the temperature. In order to achieve a stable and accurate control of the steam temperature, it is proposed that the state controller be a linear quadratic controller.

Abstract: A state observer for a steam generator of a thermal power plant is provided. Accordingly, provision is made for the state observer to be a multi-variable state observer which has a Kalman filter designed for linear-quadratic state feedback. The state observer can be used for validating measured variables of the steam generator of the thermal power plant, wherein measured variables of the steam generator are compared with output variables of the state observer.

Abstract: A device for closed-loop control of a plurality of state variables of a steam generator of a thermal power plant is provided. In order to achieve stable and exact closed-loop control of the plurality of state variables, a multi-variable control/controller controls the plurality of state variables and uses a linear quadratic controller for this multi-variable control/controller.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining properties of a dust mixture flowing through a cross-sectional area of a coal dust line is provided. It has at least one sensor, which has at least one transmitting device for coupling electromagnetic and/or acoustic radiation into the dust mixture and at least one receiving device for generating a measuring signal on the basis of radiation reflected in the dust mixture or radiation transmitted by the dust mixture. Also provided is an evaluation device, which determines the property of the dust mixture on the basis of the measuring signal. The at least one transmitting device and the at least one receiving device or a measuring head are rotatably arranged at least approximately in the middle of the cross-sectional area.

Abstract: A device for determining a composition of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power station is provided. The device includes a measuring device for measuring an actual concentration distribution of a substance in a combustion chamber' an analysis device for analyzing the actual concentration distribution, taking into account a combustion stochiometry; and an evaluation device for determining a composition of fuel based upon the analyzing.

Abstract: A method and a device for monitoring the combustion of fuel in a power station are provided. An actual concentration distribution of a material in a combustion chamber is measured, the actual concentration distribution is evaluated, taking into consideration a combustion stochiometry, and conclusions are drawn regarding a composition of the fuel on the basis of the evaluation that has been carried out.

Abstract: A method for regulating the production of steam from feed water in an evaporator of a steam plant is provided. A state regulator calculates a plurality of states of a medium in the evaporator by means of an observer and, on the basis thereof, determines a feed water mass flow rate as a regulating variable. In order to obtain a stable and precise regulation of the temperature of the steam, the state regulator is a linear-quadratic regulator.

Abstract: A state controller, in order to output a desired steam temperature as a controlled variable, feeds back several steam states in a superheater for superheating steam using a monitor, which calculates the steam states, and the desired steam temperature is forwarded to a further controller for controlling the temperature. In order to achieve a stable and accurate control of the steam temperature, it is proposed that the state controller be a linear quadratic controller.

Abstract: Methods and devices for optimizing combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant are provided. A real concentration distribution of a material and/or a real temperature distribution in the combustion chamber is measured in at least one dimension. The real concentration distribution and/or temperature distribution is evaluated and a combustion of fuel is controlled such that a symmetric concentration distribution and/or temperature distribution in the at least one dimension arises. During the evaluation at least one characteristic of the symmetry of the real concentration distribution and/or temperature distribution is determined, and during the controlling at least one control parameter is changed depending on the at least one characteristic.

Abstract: Methods and a device for monitoring the combustion process in a power station are provided. An actual concentration distribution of a material and/or an actual temperature distribution are measured in the combustion chamber. Conclusions are drawn regarding the type of combustion material on the basis of the measured actual concentration distribution or temperature distribution. A concentration distribution or temperature distribution of a material that has been determined using a sample fuel is compared with the measured actual concentration distribution or temperature distribution.

Abstract: A method and a device for monitoring the combustion of fuel in a power station are provided. An actual concentration distribution of a material in a combustion chamber is measured, the actual concentration distribution is evaluated, taking into consideration a combustion stochiometry, and conclusions are drawn regarding a composition of the fuel on the basis of the evaluation that has been carried out.

Abstract: A method for operating a power station and a process control technique for a power station is provided. The method includes determining at least one desired operating parameter for a future moment in time when the power station is running. An artificial neuronal network integrated into the process control technique of the power station determines a characteristic which is valid for the future moment and depends on a plurality of influencing variables, or a characteristic derived therefrom. The process control technique automatically uses the characteristic to carry out a regulating and/or controlling intervention in the operation of the power station in order to achieve the desired operating parameter. The control and protection system for a power station including the integrated artificial neuronal network is also provided.

Abstract: For regulating the power output of a combined-cycle power station, that power output fraction which is allocated to the uncoupling of distance heat is determined as a second desired value by adopting the mass flow or mass flows of a medium to be heated through one or more heating condensers and the forward-flow and return-flow temperatures of the medium to be heated which occur at the same time. The quantities can be determined in a simple way in the region of the uncoupling of the distance heat. Thus, complicated measurements in the region of a steam turbine, by which the heating condensers are supplied with heating steam, are avoided.

Abstract: For regulating the power output of a combined-cycle power station, that power output fraction which is allocated to the uncoupling of distance heat is determined as a second desired value by adopting the mass flow or mass flows of a medium to be heated through one or more heating condensers and the forward-flow and return-flow temperatures of the medium to be heated which occur at the same time. The quantities can be determined in a simple way in the region of the uncoupling of the distance heat. Thus, complicated measurements in the region of a steam turbine, by which the heating condensers are supplied with heating steam, are avoided.