Abstract: An apparatus comprises means for performing, at a CU of a master node: receiving an individual PDU from one or more incoming PDUs, wherein each PDU is to be transmitted to a UE via one amongst respective paths towards at least one DU of the master node and at least one secondary node, the UE being in DC or MC with the master node and the at least one secondary node; collecting a respective data set for each of the paths; receiving, from a ML model inputting each data set, a respective estimated delay of transmission for each of the paths; selecting, from each of the paths, a path based on the estimated delay of transmission; and transmitting the PDU to the UE via the selected path.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises means for performing, at a CU of a master node: receiving an individual PDU from one or more incoming PDUs, wherein each PDU is to be transmitted to a UE via one amongst respective paths towards at least one DU of the master node and at least one secondary node, the UE being in DC or MC with the master node and the at least one secondary node; collecting a respective data set for each of the paths; receiving, from a ML model inputting each data set, a respective estimated delay of transmission for each of the paths; selecting, from each of the paths, a path based on the estimated delay of transmission; and transmitting the PDU to the UE via the selected path.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a telecommunications network with an improved way of transmitting management data between individual network elements, wherein all network elements (NEA1–NEA4) of the first type, which are supplied with the management data, form part of an at least partly closed ring (T1–T4) by way of which the management data is transmittable in the payload area of the data signals.

Abstract: The method and respective device monitors the quality of data transmission over wavelength-division-multiplexed channels on an optical waveguide using an analog check signal. The analog check signal is formed by decoupling and combining a fraction p of the signals of each of the wavelengths being monitored at a starting point of a monitoring path, and is then transmitted on an additional wavelength in parallel with the wavelengths being monitored. At a monitoring point on the monitoring path provided for the purpose, a fraction p of the signals on the wavelengths being monitored are decoupled again, as well as at least a fraction of the analog check signal. These decoupled signals are evaluated in order to determine if these has been any change in the intensities of the signals on the wavelengths being monitored between the starting point and the monitoring point.