Abstract: A fire extinguishing apparatus includes a structure defining a first chamber containing an electrically operable explosive device. The apparatus also has a piezoelectric cell capable of producing an electrical output in response to the impact upon the piezoelectric cell. The apparatus also has a container of nonflammable pressurized fluid in contact with the structure, and a mechanical detection mechanism with a thermal sensor for producing a mechanical force at an established temperature. The mechanical force produced by the mechanical detection mechanism is applied to the piezoelectric cell to produce the electrical output that actuates the electrically operable explosive device.

Abstract: A temperature sensing system comprises a conductive tube, a shape memory alloy (SMA) element, and a detector. The SMA element is disposed to create an electrical contact with the electrical tube when subjected to at least a critical temperature, and the detector is configured to identify an alarm condition when the conductive tube and the SMA element form a closed electrical circuit.

Abstract: A temperature sensing system 10 comprises an optical waveguide 102, a shape memory alloy (SMA) element 106a, and an interrogator 12. The SMA element 106a is deformable as a function of temperature and at least partially surrounds the optical waveguide 102. The interrogator 12 is configured to detect distributed temperature along the optical waveguide 102 using spectroscopy and to detect strain in the optical waveguide 102 induced by deformation of the SMA element 106a to identify local hot spots along the optical waveguide 102.

Abstract: A temperature sensing system 10 comprises an optical waveguide 102, a shape memory alloy (SMA) element 106a, and an interrogator 12. The SMA element 106a is deformable as a function of temperature and at least partially surrounds the optical waveguide 102. The interrogator 12 is configured to detect distributed temperature along the optical waveguide 102 using spectroscopy and to detect strain in the optical waveguide 102 induced by deformation of the SMA element 106a to identify local hot spots along the optical waveguide 102.

Abstract: A temperature sensing system comprises a conductive tube, a shape memory alloy (SMA) element, and a detector. The SMA element is disposed to create an electrical contact with the electrical tube when subjected to at least a critical temperature, and the detector is configured to identify an alarm condition when the conductive tube and the SMA element form a closed electrical circuit.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing apparatus includes a structure defining a first chamber containing an electrically operable explosive device. The apparatus also has a piezoelectric cell capable of producing an electrical output in response to the impact upon the piezoelectric cell. The apparatus also has a container of nonflammable pressurized fluid in contact with the structure, and a mechanical detection mechanism with a thermal sensor for producing a mechanical force at an established temperature. The mechanical force produced by the mechanical detection mechanism is applied to the piezoelectric cell to produce the electrical output that actuates the electrically operable explosive device.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing apparatus has a structure defining a first chamber containing an electrically operable explosive device, a piezoelectric cell capable of producing an electrical output in response to a mechanical force upon the piezoelectric cell electrically connected to the electrically operable explosive device, a container of fire suppressant in contact with the structure, and a mechanical mechanism adjacent the piezoelectric cell for producing the mechanical force on the piezoelectric cell. The mechanical force produced by the mechanical mechanism is applied to the piezoelectric cell to produce the electrical output that actuates the electrically operable explosive device.