Abstract: A client apparatus receives first data from a server and later receives second data from the same server in response to a refresh invocation. The client apparatus parses the received data to generate logical structures representing the data and then compares the logical structures using a tree walking algorithm. Where a difference is found between the first data and second data, the first data is updated using the second data and rendered at the client apparatus.

Abstract: A method for generating an update status alert at a receiving device, the receiving device operating in a network of participating devices, each participating device broadcasting status information about a monitored entity associated with a respective participating device, the method comprising the steps of: receiving broadcast status information from each of the participating devices; aggregating the received status information to derive a consensus of the status information received from each of the participating devices; comparing the derived consensus with the status of the monitored entity of the receiving device; detecting a difference between the derived consensus and the status of the monitored entity; and in dependence of a difference being determined, generating an update status alert at the receiving device.

Abstract: A message generator for use in a publish/subscribe system, the publish/subscribe system having a broker for receiving a plurality of messages from one or more publishers and a subscriber: the message generator comprising: a storage component for retaining the plurality of messages; and an aggregator for aggregating the plurality of messages into an aggregated message.

Abstract: A method and system for collaborative editing of a document by an author of the document and reviewers. Program code receives from the author an identification of selected portions of the document and receives from the author: comments created by the author and an identification of at least one reviewer to which each comment is directed. The selected portions and the comments are associated with each other on a one-to-one basis. Each comment pertains to content of the selected portion that each comment is associated with. The program code parses the received comments, and utilizes the identification of the at least one reviewer to which each comment is directed, to generate a list of comments specifying for each comment the at least one reviewer to which each comment is directed. The program code makes available to each reviewer the comments on the list of comments directed to each reviewer.

Abstract: Summarization of text in a document may be requested in dependence upon the position of the text in relation to other text within the document or the position of the document containing the text within a plurality of documents in a document structure. Summarization of text in a document may also be requested in dependence upon a user's interaction with an application in conjunction with a version of the document or with a document structure including the document. Different levels of summarization may be applied to different segments of text within a document.

Abstract: Provided are methods, apparatus and computer programs for remote monitoring of data. Log data output by an application program running on a storage-constrained apparatus is saved to local system memory—either as an in-memory data file or as output from one application piped to the input of another, or as a named pipe that passes data to a local publisher program—and then captured by the local publisher program. The local publisher program sends the data to a publish/subscribe broker, which can retain the most recent publications for analysis by one or more subscribers. This avoids the need to save large amounts of data to disk storage on the storage-constrained apparatus, and ensures that console output data and log data that is often discarded by headless, storage-constrained systems is available for analysis.

Abstract: A file access manager for scheduling of read/write operations and disk I/O operations for files that must be retrieved from disk storage. The file access manager schedules the operations such that a single file retrieval from disk is required for a plurality of processes to operate on the file. If any of the processes write to the file, a single disk write operation is then performed.

Abstract: An apparatus for deferred handling of a message in a publish/subscribe system comprises a publisher for publishing the message and a subscriber for receiving the message. The apparatus comprises a handier for handling a first message published by a publisher, the first message comprising an instruction associated with said publisher, the instruction comprising topic data, and a generator, responsive to handling of the first message, for using first data associated with the instruction to generate topic data.

Abstract: A message generator for use in a publish/subscribe system, the publish/subscribe system having a broker for receiving a plurality of messages from one or more publishers and a subscriber: the message generator comprising: a storage component for retaining the plurality of messages; and an aggregator for aggregating the plurality of messages into an aggregated message.

Abstract: A message generator for use in a publish/subscribe system, the publish/subscribe system having a broker for receiving a plurality of messages from one or more publishers and a subscriber: the message generator comprising: a storage component for retaining the plurality of messages; and an aggregator for aggregating the plurality of messages into an aggregated message.

Abstract: A method for generating an update status alert at a receiving device, the receiving device operating in a network of participating devices, each participating device broadcasting status information about a monitored entity associated with a respective participating device, the method comprising the steps of: receiving broadcast status information from each of the participating devices; aggregating the received status information to derive a consensus of the status information received from each of the participating devices; comparing the derived consensus with the status of the monitored entity of the receiving device; detecting a difference between the derived consensus and the status of the monitored entity; and in dependence of a difference being determined, generating an update status alert at the receiving device.

Abstract: A client apparatus receives first data from a server and later receives second data from the same server in response to a refresh invocation. The client apparatus parses the received data to generate logical structures representing the data and then compares the logical structures using a tree walking algorithm. Where a difference is found between the first data and second data, the first data is updated using the second data and rendered at the client apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for deferred handling of a message In a publish/subscribe system comprises a publisher for publishing the message and a subscriber for receiving the message. The apparatus comprises a handier for handling a first message published by a publisher, the first message comprising an instruction associated with said publisher, the instruction comprising topic data, and a generator, responsive to handling of the first message, for using first data associated with the instruction to generate topic data.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and software is disclosed for providing a portal. The portal, running on a client device, comprises one or more portlets for displaying data. The portal and portlets can be dynamically configured depending on the data sources being displayed.

Abstract: A method and system for collaborative editing of a document by an author of the document and reviewers. Program code receives from the author an identification of selected portions of the document and receives from the author: comments created by the author and an identification of at least one reviewer to which each comment is directed. The selected portions and the comments are associated with each other on a one-to-one basis. Each comment pertains to content of the selected portion that each comment is associated with. The program code parses the received comments, and utilizes the identification of the at least one reviewer to which each comment is directed, to generate a list of comments specifying for each comment the at least one reviewer to which each comment is directed. The program code makes available to each reviewer the comments on the list of comments directed to each reviewer.