Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to produce electromechanical interconnections within integrated circuits (ICs), printed circuit boards (PCBs) and between PCBs and other electronic components such as resistors, capacitors and integrated circuits. Elements include so-called “smart pins” or “neuro-pins” that facilitate electrical pathways in the dimension normal to the plane of a PCB. Smart pins or neuro-pins may be inserted using automated processes that do not require the high temperatures normally associated with soldering. Resultant circuits generally contain a large number of layers that are more compact and more readily constructed compared with conventional PCB-based circuitry.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to produce electromechanical interconnections within integrated circuits (ICs), printed circuit boards (PCBs) and between PCBs and other electronic components such as resistors, capacitors and integrated circuits. Elements include so-called “smart pins” or “neuro-pins” that facilitate electrical pathways in the dimension normal to the plane of a PCB. Smart pins or neuro-pins may be inserted using automated processes that do not require the high temperatures normally associated with soldering. Resultant circuits generally contain a large number of layers that are more compact and more readily constructed compared with conventional PCB-based circuitry.

Abstract: A system for purifying sperm for use in an assisted reproductive technique procedure is provided. The system includes a sperm filter through which a chemoattractant and a sperm specimen are pumped. When the chemoattractant is pumped into the filter a gradient is formed of chemoattractants having varying concentrations. Sperm that is desirable will swim toward the higher concentrated chemoattractant and are collected by a sperm collection outlet, while sperm that are immotile and unpreferred are unable to swim across the gradient are collected by a waste collection outlet.